1.            Skin surface in man 175 cm high and 75 kg heavy is about:

a.         4,0 m2

b.        3,5 m2

c.         2,6 m2

d.        1,7 m2

e.         0,9 m2

2.            Developmental transition of cells from the basal layer to the horny layer in normal skin depends on their:

a.       proliferation ability

b.      differentiation

c.       survival

d.      none of the options is correct

e.       regeneration

3.            Desmosomes are:

a.       fibres which determine the strength of collagen fibers

b.      fibres that make a body of smooth muscle

c.       major part of elastic fibres representing their elasticity

d.      bordered thickenings of cell membrane, tonofilaments are clamped inside the keratinocytes

e.       connections between cells of stratum basale and basement membrane

4.            In which part of the skin is produced melanin?

a.       in keratinocytes of stratum basale

b.      in melanofores of derma

c.       in melanocytes

d.      in keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

e.       in histiocytes

5.            Which order does correspond to the actual arrangement of layers in the epidermis?

a.       str. basale – str. spinosum – str. lucidum – str. granulosum – str. corneum

b.      str. basale – str. spinosum – str. granulosum – str. lucidum – str. corneum

c.       str. basale – str. granulosum – str. spinosum – str. lucidum – str. corneum

d.      str. basale – str. lucidum – str. granulosum – str. spinosum – str. corneum

e.       str. basale – str. lucidum – str. spinosum – str. granulosum – str. corneum

6.            How many rows of cells with nuclei are normally in the stratum corneum?

a.       10 – 12

b.      7 – 9

c.       4 – 6

d.      1 – 3

e.       0

7.            In which layer of the epidermis are located keratohyalin grains?

a.       stratum basale

b.      stratum spinosum

c.       stratum granulosum

d.      stratum lucidum

e.       stratum corneum

8.            Dermis contains:

a.       elastic fibers

b.      collagen fibres

c.       argyrofill fibres

d.      grape-shaped fet cells

e.       amorphous ground substance

9.            Physiological daily hair growth is approximately:

a.       0,1 mm

b.      0,35 mm

c.       1,0 mm

d.      none of the options are correct

e.       0,01 mm

10.        What do the terms anagen, telogen and katagen mean?

a.       they characterize the position of hair papilla in the epidermis

b.      stages of hair cycle

c.       they characterize normal, increased and decreased hair density in different seasons

d.      types of hair located only in the scalp

e.       types of hair located only on the body

11.        Choose the correct order of growing stages of the hair:

a.       telogen – catagen – anagen

b.      anagen – catagen – telogen

c.       catagen – telogen – anagen

d.      catagen – anagen – telogen

e.       anagen – telogen – catagen

12.        Anagen stage is:

a.       abnormal stage

b.      stage, where is majority of hair of the scalp

c.       transition stage

d.      the shortest of all stages

e.       stage, in which hair normally falls

13.        Catagen stage is:

a.       abnormal stage

b.      stage, where is majority of hair of the scalp

c.       transition stage

d.      the shortest of all stages

e.       stage, in which hair normally falls

14.        Telogen stage is:

a.       abnormal stage

b.      stage, where is majority of hair of the scalp

c.       transition stage

d.      the shortest of all stages

e.       stage, in which hair normally falls

15.        The normal trichogram ratio of anagen, telogen and catagen hair is:

a.       45 : 1 : 54

b.      14 : 6 : 80

c.       70 : 4 : 26

d.      85 : 1 : 14

e.       18 : 2 : 80

16.        How much hairs do fall out daily in the normal hair cycle?

a.       20 – 30

b.      40 – 50

c.       60 – 70

d.      70 – 100

e.       more than 150

17.        What is lunula?

a.       the area less supplied by arteries

b.      the area with poorly thickened nail plate

c.       the area with thickened nail plate

d.      the visible part of the matrix

e.       the accumulation of air bubbles between the poorly keratinised cells of the nail plate

18.        Sebaceous glands are normally found on:

a.       soles

b.      backs of the hands

c.       face

d.      abdomen

e.       palms

19.        Which areas of the skin are abundantly supplied with sebaceous glands?

a.       face

b.      palms

c.       sternum area

d.      hair on the scalp

e.       feet

20.        Apocrine sweat glands are on:

a.       neck

b.      armpits

c.       forehead

d.      palms

e.       perigenital area

21.        Which of the following statements is correct for eccrine sweat glands?

a.       they are spread over the whole body surface

b.      they have no role in thermal regulation

c.       they can cause acne vulgaris in pathological conditions

d.      they are no active during childhood

e.       none of the options are correct

22.        What does drain into the hair follicle?

a.       eccrine sweat gland

b.      apocrine sweat gland

c.       sebaceous gland

d.      lymphatic vessels of the skin

e.       none of the statements are correct

23.        Sebaceous glands are:

a.       in the epidermis

b.      in the dermis

c.       in the hypodermis

d.      in stratum corneum

e.       in all layers of the skin

24.        What can protect the skin against bacterial infection?

a.       secretion of the apocrine glands

b.      secretion of the eccrine glands

c.       lipids of sebaceous glands

d.      separating of the cells in stratum disjunctum

e.       increasing of skin melanin

25.        Skin color depends on:

a.       the skin pigment (melanin)

b.      the thickness of epidermis

c.       the amount of beta- carotene

d.      sweating of the skin

e.       vascularisation

26.        pH of the healthy skin is:

a.       1,5

b.      3,5

c.       5,5

d.      7,5

e.       9,5

27.        What does participate in the thermoregulation?

a.       keratinocytes of stratum corneum

b.      sweat glands

c.       melanocytes

d.      sebaceous glands

e.       hypodermis

28.        Choose important skin functions:

a.       thermoregulation

b.      mechanical barrier

c.       storage of vitamins

d.      sensory organ

e.       significant depot of water and energy

29.        What is hyperkeratosis?

a.       thickening of stratum basale

b.      overgrowth of cells with keratohyaline grains

c.       thickening of stratum corneum

d.      thickening of the whole epidermis

e.       relative thickening of the epidermis over the thin corium

30.        What is parakeratosis?

a.       hyperkeratosis with absence of the stratum granulosum

b.      abnormal and incomplete keratinisation, corneocytes in cornified layer contain nuclear material, the stratum granulosum is largely absent

c.       disorder of keratinisation where coherence of cells of horny layer is disturbed

d.      thickening of stratum spinosum

e.       none of the statements is correct

31.        What is spongiosis?

a.       intercellular oedema developing after widening of intercellular spaces in the stratum spinosum

b.      overgrowth of inflammatory infiltrate in intercellular spaces in the stratum spinosum

c.       thickening of the stratum corneum

d.      thickening of the stratum spinosum

e.       linear gaps among cells in the stratum spinosum

32.        What is acanthosis?

a.       the papillary body is elongated and widened

b.      thickening of the spinous cell layer of the epidermis

c.       widening of the intercellular spaces due to oedema in the stratum spinosum

d.      loss of desmosomal contacts in in the stratum spinosum

e.       thickening of the whole epidermis

33.        What is dyskeratosis?

a.       the premature imperfect keratinisation of individual keratinocytes between still nonkeratinized epidermal cell structure

b.      linear gaps among cells in the stratum spinosum

c.       delayed process of keratinisation in the epidermis

d.      uniform thickening of all layers of epidermis

e.       none of the statements is correct

34.        What is macula?

a.       circumscribed oedema in the skin

b.      circumscribed elevation of the skin

c.       circumscribed alteration in the color of the skin

d.      circumscribed overgrowth of the number of hair on the small surface

e.       dilatation of the hair follicle

35.        Which instrument is used to differ haematoma from erythema in the skin?

a.       needle

b.      lancet

c.       glass spatula

d.      wooden spatula

e.       nothing mentioned

36.        What is purpura?

a.       permanently dilated tiny vessels in the skin

b.      bleeding into the skin

c.       pigmentation on basis of overgrowth of melanin

d.      pigmentation from foreign substances

e.       circumscribed stenosis of vessels in the skin

37.        What is papula?

a.       blister

b.      depression in the skin

c.       circumscribed oedema in the dermis

d.      circumscribed palpable elevation of the skin

e.       none of statements is correct

38.        Papula develops by:

a.       tiny bleeding

b.      pigment deposition

c.       overgrowing or infiltration of cell elements

d.      necrosis

e.       blood perfusion

39.        Mark correct statements relating to urtica:

a.       circumscribed oedema of the dermis

b.      flat cellular circumscribed infiltrate

c.       skin elevation that develops quickly and lasts for less than 24 hours

d.      it develops in any layer of the skin

e.       in subcutaneous tisssues angioedema can develop

40.        What is vesicle?

a.       skin cavity lined with epithelium – endothelium or membraneous lining, containing fluid, pus or keratin

b.      circumscribed spreading of the blood vessel

c.       circumscribed fluid – filled lesions

d.      circumscribed oedema in the dermis

e.       spreading of lymphatic vessels

41.        What is pustula?

a.       cavity in epidermis filled with haemorrhagic fluid

b.      vesicle with clear content

c.       vesicle with disturbed covering

d.      cyst filled with pus

e.       blister filled with pus

42.        Macula is:

a.       circumscribed coloring of various shape and size in the level of the skin

b.      circumscribed cellular infiltrate or overgrowth of tissue of the skin up to 1 cm

c.       extensive inflammatory infiltrate that afflicts deeper parts of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

d.      circumscribed oedema of the dermis

e.       blister filled with pus

43.        Papula is:

a.       circumscribed coloring of various shape and size in the level of the skin

b.      circumscribed cellular infiltrate or overgrowth of tissue of the skin up to 1 cm

c.       extensive inflammatory infiltrate that afflicts deeper parts of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

d.      circumscribed oedema of the dermis

e.       blister filled with pus

44.        Red macula is:

a.       circumscribed overgrowth of melanin in the region of basal cells

b.      thickening of the dermis on basis of infiltrate or proliferation of cells, oedema and hyperaemia

c.       solid circumscribed elevation conditioned by locally limited oedema. White to pink color of lesion corresponds to filling of capillaries

d.      local redness conditioned by limited hyperaemia in pars papillaris and pars reticularis

e.       none of mentioned

45.        Dermal papula is:

a.       circumscribed overgrowth of melanin in the region of basal cells

b.      thickening of the dermis on basis of infiltrate or proliferation of cells, oedema and hyperaemia

c.       solid circumscribed elevation conditioned by locally limited oedema. White to pink color of lesion corresponds to filling of capillaries

d.      local redness conditioned by limited hyperaemia in pars papillaris and pars reticularis

e.       none of mentioned

46.        Urtica is:

a.       circumscribed overgrowth of melanin in the region of basal cells

b.      thickening of the dermis on basis of infiltrate or proliferation of cells, oedema and hyperaemia

c.       solid circumscribed elevation conditioned by locally limited oedema. White to pink color of lesion corresponds to filling of capillaries

d.      local redness conditioned by limited hyperaemia in pars papillaris and pars reticularis

e.       none of mentioned

47.        Brown macula is:

a.       circumscribed overgrowth of melanin in the region of basal cells

b.      thickening of the dermis on basis of infiltrate or proliferation of cells, oedema and hyperaemia

c.       solid circumscribed elevation conditioned by locally limited oedema. White to pink color of lesion corresponds to filling of capillaries

d.      local redness conditioned by limited hyperaemia in pars papillaris and pars reticularis

e.       none of mentioned

48.        White macula is:

a.       thickening of epidermis by acanthosis, spongiosis (= intercellular oedema )

b.      focal depigmentation of the skin

c.       large nodal tissue leading or embedded into hypodermis caused by inflammation or proliferation

d.      circumscribed infiltrate on the borderline of dermis and hypodermis

e.       thickening of epidermis and dermis by hypertrophy or hyperplasia of all layers of epidermis, oedema and hyperaemia in the dermis

49.        Mixed papula is:

a.       thickening of epidermis by acanthosis, spongiosis (= intercellular oedema )

b.      focal depigmentation of the skin

c.       large nodal tissue leading or embedded into hypodermis caused by inflammation or proliferation

d.      circumscribed infiltrate on the borderline of dermis and hypodermis

e.       thickening of epidermis and dermis by hypertrophy or hyperplasia of all layers of epidermis, oedema and hyperaemia in the dermis

50.        Epidermal papula is:

a.       thickening of epidermis by acanthosis, spongiosis (= intercellular oedema )

b.      focal depigmentation of the skin

c.       large nodal tissue leading or embedded into hypodermis caused by inflammation or proliferation

d.      circumscribed infiltrate on the borderline of dermis and hypodermis

e.       thickening of epidermis and dermis by hypertrophy or hyperplasia of all layers of epidermis, oedema and hyperaemia in the dermis

51.        Tuber is:

a.       thickening of epidermis by acanthosis, spongiosis (= intercellular oedema )

b.      focal depigmentation of the skin

c.       large nodal tissue into hypodermis leading or embedded caused by inflammation or proliferation

d.      circumscribed infiltrate on the borderline of dermis and hypodermis

e.       thickening of epidermis and dermis by hypertrophy or hyperplasia of all layers of epidermis, oedema and hyperaemia in the dermis

52.        Scale develops:

a.       as a consequence of tiny bleeding

b.      as a consequence of disturbing intercellular bridges in the stratum spinosum

c.       as a consequence of disturbing coherence of cells in diseased process

d.      as a consequence of pyogenic process in epidermis

e.       as a consequence of excessive formation of pigment caused by ultraviolet rays

53.        Crust develops:

a.       from necrosis

b.      from dried epidermis

c.       from cellular elements over pathological lesion

d.      from dried excretion over some pathological processes

e.       from sediments of external origin

54.        What is erosion?

a.       superficial loss of epidermis

b.      loss of epidermis and upper region of papillary part of dermis

c.       circumscribed loss of stratum disjunctum

d.      saturation of epidermis by blood discharge

e.       microfocal bleeding into mucous membranes

55.        What is excoriation?

a.       circumscribed loss of upper parts of epidermis leading up to stratum spinosum

b.      loss of epidermis and upper region of papillary part of dermis

c.       circumscribed loss of stratum corneum

d.      saturation of epidermis by blood discharge

e.       microfocal bleeding into mucous membranes

56.        Which lesion does protrude above the skin?

a.       papula

b.      erosion

c.       urtica

d.      excoriation

e.       macula

57.        Which lesion does protrude above the skin?

a.       nodule

b.      vesicle

c.       fissure

d.      pustule

e.       ulcer

58.        Which lesion does belong to secondary lesions?

a.       scale

b.      erosion

c.       scar

d.      vesicle

e.       ulcer

59.        Erosion is:

a.       loss of substance of the skin leading up to the dermis

b.      loss of substance of the epidermis leading up to the stratum spinosum

c.       loss of substance of the epidermis and upper part of the dermis

d.      lesion developing after disturbing of the cover of vesicles

e.       split without loss of skin substance

60.        Fissure is:

a.       loss of substance of the skin leading up the dermis

b.      loss of substance of the epidermis leading up to the stratum spinosum

c.       loss of substance of the epidermis and upper part of the dermis

d.      lesion developing after disturbing the cover of vesicles

e.       split without loss of skin substance

61.        Ulcer is:

a.       loss of substance of the skin leading up to the dermis

b.      loss of substance of the epidermis leading up to the stratum spinosum

c.       loss of substance of the epidermis and upper part of the dermis

d.      lesion developing after disturbing the cover of vesicles

e.       split without loss of skin substance

62.        Scar:

a.       does not contain sweat and sebaceous glands

b.      the cause is loss of skin tissue extending to dermis

c.       skin is flat, smooth and glossy

d.      hypertrophic forms can also develop

e.       all skin layers are thinner

63.        Atrophy:

a.       the cause is loss of skin tissue extending to dermis

b.      skin is flat, smooth and glossy

c.       hypertrophic forms can also develop

d.      all skin layers are thinner

e.       larger skin vessels can be seen through affected skin

64.        Exanthema is:

a.       the skin lesion disseminated on the surface of the skin

b.      the pathological lesion occurring on mucous membrane

c.       the lesion induced by active hyperaemia

d.      the basic morphologic unit of pathologic process on the skin

e.       the pathological change of nail plates

65.        Erythema is:

a.       the skin lesion disseminated on the surface of the skin

b.      the pathological lesion occurring on mucous membrane

c.       the lesion induced by active hyperaemia

d.      the basic morphologic unit of pathologic process on skin

e.       the pathological change of nail plates

66.        Enanthema is:

a.       the skin lesion disseminated on the surface of the skin

b.      the pathological lesion occurring on mucous membrane

c.       the lesion induced by active hyperaemia

d.      the basic morphologic unit of pathologic process on the skin

e.       the pathological change of nail plates

67.        Herpes zoster is characterized by:

a.       intraepidermal vesicles

b.      scales

c.       white macula

d.      epidermal papula

e.       cyst

68.        Psoriasis vulgaris is characterized by:

a.       intraepidermal vesicles

b.      scales

c.       ulcer

d.      papula

e.       cyst

69.        Vitilgo is characterized by:

a.       intraepidermal vesicles

b.      scales

c.       white macula

d.      epidermal papula

e.       cyst

70.        Verrucae plane are characterized by:

a.       intraepidermal vesicles

b.      scales

c.       white macula

d.      epidermal papula

e.       cyst

71.        Which of these diseases is commonly asymmetrically localized?

a.       herpes zoster

b.      macular and papular exanthema in secondary syphilis

c.       dermatitis herpetiformis

d.      ulcus durum

e.       atopic dermatitis

72.        What can be caused by repeated friction or pressure on skin?

a.       blisters formation

b.      hyperkeratosis

c.       hyperpigmentation

d.      telangiectasias

e.       milia

73.        The first-degree burn of skin is manifested by:

a.       oedema

b.      blister

c.       erythema

d.      necrosis

e.       pain

74.        The second-degree burn of skin is manifested by:

a.       oedema

b.      blister

c.       erythema

d.      necrosis

e.       pain

75.        The third-degree burn is manifested by:

a.       oedema

b.      blister

c.       erythema

d.      necrosis

e.       pain

76.        What does remain on the skin after healing of the first-degree burn?

a.       it is healed completely

b.      temporary hyper- and hypopigmentations

c.       atrophic scars

d.      hypertrophic scars

e.       contractures

77.        What does remain on the skin after healing of the second-degree burn?

a.       keloid-like scars

b.      temporary hyper- and hypopigmentations

c.       atrophic scars

d.      hypertrophic scars

e.       contractures

78.        What does remain on the skin after healing of the third-degree burn?

a.       keloid-like scars

b.      temporary hyper- and hypopigmentations

c.       atrophic scars

d.      hypertrophic scars

e.       contractures

79.        Which complications of burns can occured?

a.       hypovolemic shock

b.      disseminated intravascular coagulation

c.       toxic shock syndrome

d.      sepsis

e.       secondary skin infections

80.        Typical for perniones is:

a.       they usually develops on basis of functional disorders of peripheral circulation  

b.      in cold they present blue-red flat inflammatory nodules

c.       after the rewarming they are bright red and very painful

d.      vesicles and ulcers can form

e.       lesions never form ulcers

81.        Typical for pernio is:

a.       they occur in low temperature over 0şC

b.      they are demarcated flat, inflammatory nodules

c.       after the rewarming the pain recedes

d.      lesions can form ulcers

e.       blisters can form

82.        Which part of sun radiation does induce early pigmentation on skin?

a.       infrared radiation

b.      UV-A-rays (400 nm – 315 nm)

c.       UV-B-rays (314 nm – 280 nm)

d.      UV-C-rays (below 280 nm)

e.       combination of UV-B + UV-C-rays

83.        Which part of sun radiation does induce erythema on skin?

a.       infrared radiation

b.      UV-A-rays (400 nm – 315 nm)

c.       UV-B-rays (314 nm – 280 nm)

d.      UV-C-rays (below 280 nm)

e.       combination of UV-B + UV-C-rays

84.        What is the meaning of the term phototoxic dermatitis?

a.       reaction of skin when because of sun radiation arise metabolites, that cause abnormal inflammatory reaction

b.      reaction of skin after longterm exposition to intense sun radiation

c.       reaction of skin caused by direct interaction of radiation and photosensitising substance producing a type of sunburn reaction

d.      reaction of skin after too intense exposition to infrared radiation

e.       reaction of skin to UV-radiation as a consequence of genetic higher sensibility

85.        What is the meaning of the term photoallergic dermatitis ?

a.       reaction of skin caused by photoallergens and UVA radiation in sensitised individuals

b.      reaction of skin after longterm exposition of skin to intense sun radiation

c.       reaction of skin caused by direct interaction of radiation and photosensitising substance producing a type of sunburn reaction

d.      reaction of skin after too intense exposition to infrared radiation

e.       reaction of skin to UV-radiation as a consequence of genetic higher sensibility

86.        Diseases developing by exposure or participation of sun radiation are:

a.       acute contact dermatitis

b.      dermatitis bullosa striata pratensis (Oppenheim)

c.       herpes zoster

d.      lichen planus

e.       hydroa vacciniforme

87.        Dermatitis bullosa striata pratensis (Oppenheim) is a reaction:

a.       phototraumatic

b.      phototoxic

c.       photoallergic

d.      none of mentioned

e.       phototraumatic and phototoxic

88.        Dermatitis solaris is a reaction:

a.       phototraumatic

b.      phototoxic

c.       photoallergic

d.      none of mentioned

e.       phototraumatic and phototoxic

89.        Solar urticaria is a reaction:

a.       pototraumatic

b.      phototoxic

c.       photoallergic

d.      none of mentioned

e.       phototraumatic and phototoxic

90.        Xeroderma pigmentosum is:

a.       congenital sensitivity to infrared radiation

b.      congenital sensitivity to sun with abnormal metabolism of porfyrins

c.       congenital sensitivity to sun and caused by defects of several enzymes

d.      disorder of pigmentation connected with inherited skin dystrophy

e.       congenital disorder of abnormal metabolism of porfyrins

91.        What lesion can develop on the skin of people suffering from xeroderma pigmentosum?

a.       hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation

b.      dermatitis solaris

c.       skin atrophy

d.      hypertrophic scars

e.       skin tumors

92.        What dosage of ionising radiation can induce acute radiodermatitis?

a.       1-2 Gy

b.      3-4 Gy

c.       5-6 Gy

d.      7-8 Gy

e.       9-10 Gy

93.        What is characteristic for chronic radiodermatitis?

a.       it occurs after latent period of several years

b.      it mostly manifests with sclerosis and atrophy in the place of radiation

c.       it occurs after latent period of 1-2 months

d.      in affected area telangiectases commonly occur

e.       after longer persistence in atrophic center an ulcer can develop

94.        Which disease is supposed to be of viral aetiology?

a.       herpes zoster

b.      erythema migrans

c.       herpes simplex

d.      toxic epidermal necrolysis

e.       erythema multiforme

95.        Which disease is accompanied by systemic symptoms?

a.       erythema annulare centrifugum

b.      fixed drug eruption

c.       erythema migrans

d.      erythema multiforme

e.       granuloma annulare

96.        Assign the pathomechanisms of allergic drug eruptions:

a.       anaphylaxis

b.      autoimmune reaction

c.       acute toxic reaction

d.      Arthus reaction

e.       cytotoxic reaction

97.        Idiosyncratic reaction is:

a.       congenital sensitivity to a drug on non-immunological basis

b.      congenital sensitivity to a drug on immunological basis

c.       acquired sensitivity to a drug on non-immunological basis

d.      acquired sensitivity to a drug on immunological basis

e.       overdosage of drugs

98.        Lichenoid drug eruption is induced by:

a.       sulphonamides

b.      broad- spectrum antibiotics

c.       preparations of gold

d.      beta blockers

e.       antipyretics

99.        Acne vulgaris can be provoked or exacerbated by these drugs:

a.       corticosteroids

b.      mercury, bismuth

c.       arsenic, gold

d.      halogens S*

e.       antimalarials

100.    Typical affected areas of erythema multiforme are:

a.       pubic region

b.      flexor surfaces of limbs

c.       skin of the face

d.      trunk

e.       extensor surfaces of limbs

101.    Which of following factors can be present in erythema nodosum?

a.       metabolic disorders

b.      sarcoidosis

c.       necrobiotic changes

d.      streptococcal infections

e.       infection of Yersinia enterocolica

102.    Erythema nodosum is characterised by:

a.       location on calves

b.      more common in females

c.       location on extensor surfaces of shins

d.      eruptions all over the body

e.       lesions does not ulcerate

103.    Löfgren syndrome is combination of:

a.       erythema nodosum and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in sarcoidosis

b.      erythema nodosum and paresis n. facialis

c.       erythema nodosum and uveitis

d.      erythema nodosum and ostitis multiplex cystoides

e.       erythema nodosum and hepatosplenomegaly

104.    Pityriasis rosea is most commonly localized on:

a.       the face and neck

b.      the thighs and shins

c.       the palms and soles

d.      the trunk and proximal part of limbs

e.       the distal part of limbs

105.    Pityriasis rosea begins with:

a.       eruption of multiple lesions

b.      intensive itching of affected skin

c.       primary solitary lesion of round or oval shape

d.      color of the lesion on periphery is light red, in the central part yellowish

e.       peripheral part of the lesion is formed by a collarette scales

106.    What is pityriasis rosea?

a.       a form of seborrhoeic dermatitis

b.      a disease from particular allergic reaction of skin

c.       a disease induced by bacterial saprophytes of the skin

d.      a disease induced by fungal saprophytes of the skin

e.       a disease of unknown origin

107.    What is characteristic for pityriasis rosea?

a.       location on the trunk

b.      tiny collarette of scale that typically points to the centre

c.       relapses are common

d.      the neck and face are usually affected

e.       intense itching

108.    What is an aetiopathogenetic basis of psoriasis?

a.       disorders of immune mechanisms

b.      disorders of circulation

c.       inheritance

d.      parasitic diseases

e.       allergy

109.    Mark the correct statements about psoriasis:

a.       typical are dry and silver-white scales

b.      scalp is commonly affected

c.       psoriatic lesion weeps

d.      nail changes are common

e.       favourite affected areas are elbows and knees

110.    What is a typical manifestation of psoriasis?

a.       infiltrated lesions

b.      scales

c.       vesicles

d.      cysts

e.       ulcers

111.    Primary skin lesion in psoriasis is:

a.       flat papula covered with silvery scales

b.      vesicle

c.       cyst

d.      urtica

e.       ulcer

112.    What is characteristic for psoriatic scale?

a.       silver-white color, dryness

b.      removing the scale reveals a candle sign

c.       it completely covers the whole lesion

d.      removing the scale reveals erosion

e.       it occurs also on the lesion of leucoderma psoriaticum

113.    Which signs are significant in psoriasis vulgaris?

a.       punctuate bleeding

b.      Auspitz sign

c.       candle sign

d.      carpet tack sign

e.       sign of the last little piece of skin

114.    Auspitz sign occurs in:

a.       verrucae plane

b.      eczema

c.       lichen planus

d.      psoriasis vulgaris

e.       molluscum contagiosum

115.    Which signs are positive in psoriasis vulgaris?

a.       Köbner phenomenon

b.      Nikolsky I sign

c.       Auspitz sign

d.      Nikolsky II sign

e.       carpet tack sign

116.    In which diseases does Köbner phenomenon occur?

a.       furunculosis

b.      lichen planus

c.       verrucae plane

d.      neurodermatitis

e.       pityriasis rosea

117.    What is candle sign?

a.       scale on the surface of lesion organized to the shape of a drop from stearin candle

b.      matte coloring of psoriatic scales looking like stearin candle

c.       spontaneous crumbling of a dry scale resembling scrapings from stearin candle

d.      scales fall off in form of tiny flakes that resemble scrapings from a candle using methodical scratching with scalpel

e.       punctuate bleeding from enlarged capillaris when the last layer of scale is removed

118.    What is Auspitz sign?

a.       synonymum for punctuate bleeding

b.      area bleeding that occurs after the friction of psoriatic plaques between the fingers

c.       scales fall off in form of tiny flakes that resemble scrapings from a candle using methodical scratching with scalpel

d.      punctuate bleeding from enlarged capillaries when the last layer of scale is removed by scratching with the scalpel

e.       synonym for collarette of scales

119.    What is Köbner phenomenon in psoriasis?

a.       developing of psoriatic lesions caused by acute febrile infection

b.      generalization of psoriasis after local irritation of psoriatic lesions

c.       provoking of psoriatic lesions in areas of skin irritation

d.      conversion of continuous psoriatic lesion to annular lesion

e.       arrangement of psoriatic lesions in wavy lines

120.    What are the predilection sites of psoriasis?

a.       face

b.      large joint flexors

c.       sacral area

d.      elbows

e.       knees

121.    When can develop eruption of acute follicular or guttate psoriasis?

a.       after wearing of synthetic underwear

b.      after consumption of citrus fruits

c.       after cold exposure

d.      after the previous infectious diseases

e.       as a result of impetigo

122.    Which forms of psoriais do you know?

a.       follicular psoriasis

b.      nummular psoriasis

c.       geografphic psoriasis

d.      vesicular psoriasis

e.       psoriasis inversus

123.    Which nail changes do occur in psoriasis?

a.       onychodystrophy

b.      onycholysis

c.       onychomadesis

d.      bleeding under the nails

e.       subungual hyperkeratosis

124.    Which of these diseases are in a grup of erythemato – papulo – squamous diseases?

a.       urticaria

b.      contagious impetigo

c.       psoriasis vulgaris

d.      pemphigus vulgaris

e.       pityriasis rosea

125.    Psoriasis is characterized by:

a.       psoriasis is not a contagious disease

b.      heredity does not affect the incidence of psoriasis

c.       well defined erythemato – papulo –squamous flat papula is a primary lesion

d.      psoriasis can occur at any age, regardless of gender

e.       the diagnosis of psoriasis can be done additionally by occurence of leukoderma

126.    Psoriatic arthritis is characterized by:

a.       the most common, it is an asymmetric peripheral oligoarthropathy

b.      small joints of hands are mainly affected

c.       rheumatoid factor is usually positive

d.      a significant association with HLA-B27

e.       rheumatoid factor is usually negative

127.    What is the difference between psoriaic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

a.       joints are not usually affected symmetrically

b.      distal interphalangeal joints are affected

c.       rheumatoid factor is positive

d.      rheumatoid factor is negative

e.       joints tend to be mostly affected symmetrically

128.    What are Munro's microabscesses?

a.       small bacterial abscesses in the epidermis

b.      lesions of pustular psoriasis

c.       sterile leukocyte infiltration between the layers of parakeratotic lamellae

d.      accumulation of leukocytes in the dermis

e.       accumulation of eosinophils in the epidermis

129.    Which of these histological manifestations does occur in psoriasis?

a.       dyskeratosis

b.      parakeratosis

c.       hyperkeratosis

d.      hypergranulosis

e.       spongiosis

130.    Which of these diseases can be psoriasis-like in some of their stage?

a.       pemphigus vulgaris

b.      psoriasis-like eczematid

c.       secondary syphilis

d.      sarcoidosis

e.       pityriasis rosea

131.    Assign to scalp psoriasis correct statements:

a.       hairs usually fall out of pathological area

b.      lesions are well defined

c.       scales covering lesion form thick deposits

d.      symptoms tend to be localized typically at the interface of scalp and non hairy skin

e.       auricles may also be affected

132.    Assign to seborrhoeic dermatitis correct statements:

a.       scales covering lesion are dry, whitish colored

b.      eyebrows and nasolabial folds may also be affected

c.       scales covering lesion are strongly oily, yellowish brown colored

d.      skin under scales is minimally inflamed

e.       the lipophilic yeast Malassezia sp. plays an important role in the aetiopathogenesis

133.    Which provocation factors can apply in the aetiopathogenesis of psoriasis?

a.       sunlight

b.      inhaled allergens

c.       beta-blockers

d.      the occurrence of focal infection

e.       alcohol

134.    What are the appropriate measures to prevent exacerbation of psoriasis?

a.       climatotherapy

b.      skin care with soft, non-irritant topical agents

c.       prevention of stressful situations

d.      wipe the skin after washing with terry towel to improve circulation

e.       searching for focal infections and removing them

135.    Parapsoriasis en plaques is characterized by:

a.       diameter of lesions is less than 5 cm in small patch form

b.      polygonal flat papula covered by lacy reticular pattern of criss-crossed whitish lines

c.       dark-red oval papula covered by thin micaceous scale, whole scale easily separates

d.      papula painful to pressure

e.       course has 3 forms

136.    Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta is:

a.       chronic form of parapsoriasis en plaques

b.      chronic form of pityriasis lichenoides

c.       form of parapsoriasis occuring in atopic patients

d.      acute form of parapsoriasis en plaques

e.       is disease with favourite affected areas on trunk and flexor surfaces of limbs

137.    Clinical features of parapsoriasis en plaques are characterized by:

a.       lesions are located on face and shins

b.      fine scales occurs on smooth glossy surface of lesions after scratching

c.       diameter of lesions is less than 5 cm in small patch form

d.      well defined yellow-red lesions as having atrophy appearance

e.       lesions resemble fingerprints in small patch form

138.    Erythroderma is:

a.       inflammation of the skin in skin folds

b.      inflammation of the skin affecting at least half of the skin surface

c.       disease of soles and palms accompanied by redness and peeling

d.      inflammation of the whole skin surface with scaling

e.       inflammation of the whole skin surface without scaling

139.    Clinical features of erythroderma are characterized by:

a.       feeling cold

b.      acute erythroderma is usually developing on the base of non inflamed skin

c.       transverse ridges are on the nails

d.      hair is not altered

e.       systemic symptoms are not present

140.    Secondary erythroderma can develop from:

a.       psoriasis vulgaris

b.      eczema

c.       lichen planus

d.      pityriasis rubra pilaris

e.       eczematides

141.    Which are the favourite affected areas of lichen planus?

a.       extensor surfaces of thighs

b.      trunk

c.       extensor surfaces of forearms

d.      wrists

e.       flexor surfaces of forearms

142.    What is the initial primary lesion of lichen planus?

a.       round convex skin colored papula

b.      papula with the central vesicle

c.       round flat pink papula

d.      polygonal flat violaceous papula

e.       hyperkeratotic deposits on tiny macules

143.    Wickham striae are typical for:

a.       psoriasis vulgaris

b.      mucosal manifestations of lichen planus

c.       lichen planus on the skin

d.      discoid lupus erythematosus

e.       parapsoriasis en plaques

144.    Which clinical features are characteristic for lichen planus?

a.       Köbner phenomenon

b.      Auspitz sign

c.       Wickham striae

d.      carpet tack sign

e.       collarette scales

145.    Mark correct statements about lichen planus:

a.       it is rare accompanying sign of lichen planus of the skin

b.      lacy reticular pattern of criss-crossed whitish lines mainly on buccal mucosa is typical

c.       lesions on mucous membranes itch intensively

d.      lesions on skin itch intensively

e.       glans penis may also be affected

146.    Which variant of lichen planus does occur on shins?

a.       follicular lichen planus

b.      bullous lichen planus

c.       annularis lichen planus

d.      verrucous lichen planus

e.       linear lichen planus

147.    Which variant of lichen planus does occur on the male genitals?

a.       follicular lichen planus

b.      bullous lichen planus

c.       annularis lichen planus

d.      verrucous lichen planus

e.       linear lichen planus

148.    The principle of Wickham striae is:

a.       linear depigmentation

b.      reticular smooth hyperkeratosis

c.       thickening of the granular layer

d.      thinning of the granular layer

e.       dyskeratosis

149.    Mark correct statements about lichen planus:

a.       flat papules slightly rough normal skin colored

b.      papules are slightly hemispheric, circular shaped

c.       Wickham striae are missing

d.      skin lesions intensively itch

e.       papules are flat polygonal shaped

150.    Mark correct statements about lichen simplex chronicus are:

a.       favourite affected areas are neck, distal parts of the limbs or genital area

b.      mucous membranes are affected

c.       Wickham striae are missing

d.      some skin types are more prone to lichenification

e.       systemic symptoms are missing

151.    Mark true statements about verrucae plane:

a.       flat papules with yellowish-brown color

b.      papules are hemispheris shape

c.       Wickham striae are missing

d.      Köbner phenomenon is present

e.       papules are purple colored

152.    Choose the typical diagnostic findings for psoriasis:

a.       infiltration with dry silvery scales

b.      lesions are violet colored

c.       intensive itching

d.      oily yellow scales

e.       short duration

153.    Choose the typical diagnostic findings for seborrhoic dermatitis:

a.       infiltration with dry silvery scales

b.      lesions are violet colored

c.       intensive itching

d.      oily yellow scales

e.       short duration

154.    Choose the typical diagnostic findings for pityriasis rosea:

a.       single primary lesion is of round or oval shape localised on the trunk

b.      lesions are violet colored

c.       intensive itching

d.      silvery scales

e.       short duration

155.    Choose the typical diagnostic findings for lichen planus:

a.       macula covered by dry scales

b.      lesions are violet colored

c.       intensive itching

d.      silvery scales

e.       Köbner phenomenon

156.    What are differential diagnoses in lichen planus on mucosa?

a.       leukoplakia

b.      candisosis

c.       plaques opalines

d.      acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

e.       herpetic gingivostomatitis

157.    Prurigo simplex acuta is disease:

a.       of adults

b.      with infiltrated papules without exudation

c.       characteristic lesion is urtica with exudation

d.      with usually altered trunk and limbs

e.       with lesions grouped mostly around the waist

158.    Prurigo simplex acuta can be related:

a.       with internal malignant diseases

b.      with insect bite

c.       with dusty environment

d.      with food allergens

e.       with herpes simplex infection

159.    Prurigo is defined as:

a.       aetiologically unique clinical unit

b.      form of skin reaction due to various provocative causes

c.       disease, which etiological factors are exclusively external

d.      disease, which etiological factors are external and internal

e.       as result of delayed type of allergic reaction

160.    True statements about prurigo simplex acuta are:

a.       wheals with hemorrhagic dot are present

b.      wheals with central microscopic vesicles

c.       wheals with pustule in the center

d.      lesions are located predominantly on the trunk and limbs

e.       lesions are located predominantly on the face

161.    True statements for scabies are:

a.       wheals with hemorrhagic dot are present

b.      excoriated papules on the wrists are present

c.       typical are wheals with vesicles

d.      papules are usually on the penis

e.       papules are predominantly on extensor parts of the limbs

162.    Pruritus cum materia is characterized by:

a.       itching accompanies skin diseases

b.      itching accompanies systemic diseases

c.       itching accompanies psychiatric diseases

d.      atopic dermatitis is a common cause

e.       renal insufficiency may be cause

163.    For pruritus sine materia is characteristic:

a.       itching accompanies skin diseases

b.      itching accompanies systemic diseases

c.       itching accompanies psychiatric diseases

d.      atopic dermatitis is a common cause

e.       renal insufficiency may be a cause

164.    Urticaria is understood as a disease:

a.       definitely of allergic genesis

b.      induced mostly by the action of mediators

c.       polyaetiological with different pathogenesis

d.      characterized by massive infiltration

e.       caused by increased vascular permeability

165.    Choose the true statements for urticaria:

a.       lesions last short time, they are like rash after contact with the nettle

b.      wheals are intensely itchy

c.       lesions are always excoriated

d.      conjunctiva is usually affected

e.       lesions never itch

166.    Angioedema is:

a.       result of an increase neural excitability

b.      reaction of deep dermal vascular permeability

c.       result of organic damage of blood vessels

d.      reaction with similar pathomechanism as urticaria

e.       none of the options is correct

167.    Histamin, acetylcholin, serotonin are:

a.       drugs for allergic reaction

b.      without relation to allergy

c.       mediators mediating allergic response

d.      allergens, against which antibodies arise

e.       substances which can be released even without immune mechanisms

168.    Chronic urticaria is related to:

a.       focal infection

b.      physical causes

c.       acute infection

d.      intestinal parasites

e.       additives of food

169.    Physical urticaria:

a.       occurs during a day

b.      occurs only during a night

a.       is verifiable by a particular physical test

b.      accompanied by white dermographism

c.       can be sometimes genetically conditioned

170.    Small, whitish wheals on trunk with erythematous area are found in:

a.       serum sickness

b.      cold urticaria

c.       urticaria after physical stimuli

d.      cholinergic urticaria

e.       pressure urticaria

171.    Cold urticaria:

a.       is always of non-allergic origin

b.      is always of allergic origin

c.       can be both of allergic and non-allergic origin

d.      can be genetically conditioned

e.       is never genetically conditioned

172.    Urticaria factitia is reaction:

a.       spontaneously occurring on the skin

b.      provoked by tangential pressure

c.       occurring after provocation on distant places

d.      developing only in site of provocation

e.       permanent condition that cannot be affected neither spontaneously nor with therapy

173.    If an examination reveals that erythematourticarial manifestations occur slowly, they do not change their shape for a long time, relapsing, painful and itchy vesicles develop on them; differential diagnostics of the following must be considered:

a.       herpes zoster

b.      dermatitis herpetiformis

c.       erythema multiforme

d.      fixed drug eruption

e.       prurigo

174.    If an examination reveals that erythematourticarial manifestations occur suddenly, they are concentric target , some of them with central dusky purpura, mostly on extensors, differential diagnostics of the following must be considered:

a.       herpes zoster

b.      dermatitis herpetiformis

c.       erythema multiforme

d.      fixed drug eruption

e.       prurigo

175.    Which examination would you recommend in examination of chronic urticaria:

a.       searching for focal infection

b.      HbsAg

c.       examination of parasites in stool

d.      examination of basic biochemical parameters

e.       routine patch tests

176.    What factors do play a role in pathogenesis of eczema?

a.       pollutants from outer environment

b.      virulence of pathogenic organisms

c.       barrier function of the skin

d.      genetic predisposition

e.       immune condition of the organism

177.    Irritant contact dermatitis:

a.       develops by acting of irritating substance on the skin

b.      occurs only in the site of contact

c.       overlaps the site of contact

d.      recedes after elimination of irritating substance

e.       persists and relapses long time after elimination of irritating substance

178.    Cumulative irritant contact dermatitis:

a.       occurs by immune mechanism

b.      appears as a failure of natural resistance of skin

c.       occurs in housewives

d.      occurs mostly on hands

e.       has often a character of professional dermatitis

179.    Choose the aetiological agents if contact eczema is localized on eyelids in women:

a.       professional allergens

b.      metals (chromium, nickel, cobalt)

c.       furs

d.      cosmetics

e.       plastic materials

180.    Choose the aetiological agents if contact eczema is localized on back of hands:

a.       professional allergens

b.      metals (chromium, nickel, cobalt)

c.       furs

d.      latex

e.       plastic materials

181.    Choose the condition when does professional eczema get better?

a.       inpatient treatment

b.      outpatient treatment without interruption of work

c.       outpatient treatment with interruption of work

d.      only if a patient change workplace and place of living

e.       change of workplace

182.    Negative patch tests to a particular test kit of allergens mean that:

a. it is not allergic contact eczema

b. causative allergen is not in the diagnostic test kit

c. testing was affected by current administration of antihistamines

d. it is cumulative chronic dermatitis

e. testing was affected by current administration of analgesics

183.    What local changes can be in acute allergic contact dermatitis?

a.       erythema

b.      papulovesicles

c.       crusts

d.      oedema

e.       erosions with weeping

184.    Which changes can be found in subacute an chronic allergic contact dermatitis in local finding?

a.       lichenification

b.      exfoliation

c.       oedema

d.      fissures or rhagas

e.       hyperkeratosis

185.    Sensibility in allergic contact dermatitis can develop:

a.       only monovalent

b.      only polyvalent

c.       monovalent and also polyvalent

d.      only to substance of the same chemical structure

e.       to substance of the same and similar chemical structure

186.    The most effective preventive precaution of recurrent allergic contact dermatitis is:

a.       using of protective clothes, gloves

b.      using of protective creams

c.       elimination of revealed inducing allergen

d.      to protect skin from drying

e.       using of disinfectant soaps

187.    What does play a role in the pathogenesis of nummular dermatitis?

a.       sensitisation of organism to allergen of microbial bodies

b.      virulence of microbes inducing eczema

c.       microbial products

d.      lowered humoral immune response against microbes

e.       probably cell mediated hypersensitivity of type IV reaction

188.    What is considered in aetiology of nummular dermatitis?

a.       genetic predisposition

b.      hypersensitivity to staphylococcal antigens

c.       chronic focal infections

d.      sensitisation to allergens of working place

e.       viral and fungal infection

189.    Nummular dermatitis is usually localized on:

a.       face

b.      lower limbs

c.       upper limbs

d.      mucous membranes

e.       palms and soles

190.    Mark correct statements about atopic dermatitis:

a.       genetic predisposition is applied in aetiopathogenesis

b.      immune dysregulation is applied in aetiopathogenesis

c.       important role in onset is played by defective epidermal barrier function

d.      excessive production of IgG is present

e.       the disease is not affected by environmental factors

191.    Atopic dermatitis is characterized by this findings:

a.       pale and dry skin

b.      typical changes of clinical features depending on age

c.       hair growing deep on temples and large and typical dense eyebrow

d.      it can be connected with allergic rhinitis

e.       minimal itching

192.    Atopic dermatitis in infantile age is characterized by this findings:

a.       onset in first months of life

b.      symptoms are considerably itching

c.       first symptoms are typically localized on the face

d.      basic symptoms are papules and vesicles

e.       secondary bacterial infections are not found

193.    Seborrhoeic dermatitis in small children is characterized by this symptoms:

a.       onset usually in the first months of life

b.      onset usually after the first year of life

c.       the first symptoms are on the scalp, axilla, diaper area

d.      the first symptoms are on the limbs

e.       basic symptom is slight erythema with oily scales of yellowish color

194.    Choose preventive precautions for atopic dermatitis:

a.       dietary precautions with eliminating known allergens

b.      use of bedding with feathers

c.       using water and vacuum cleaner to keep the house clean

d.      isolation of an ill person

e.       prevent contact of skin with wool and fur

195.    Choose appropriate therapy of atopic dermatitis:

a.       antihistamines

b.      topical corticosteroids

c.       phototherapy

d.      retinoids

e.       climate treatment

196.    Secondary lichenification occurs on basis of:

a.       disorganization of vesicles

b.      urticaria

c.       contact dermatitis

d.      atopic dermatitis

e.       seborrhoeic dermatitis

197.    In pathogenesis of seborrhoeic diseases the primary role is played by:

a.       lipofilic yeast Malassezia sp.

b.      functional disorders of sebaceous glands

c.       disorder of secretion of sweat glands

d.      hypovitaminosis of vitamin D with hypocalcemia

e.       sensibilisation to allergens of external environment

198.    Seborrhoeic dermatitis of adults and older children is localized:

a.       in nasolabial folds

b.      in borderline of hairy part of head and forehead

c.       on wrists

d.      in presternal area

e.       on palms and soles

199.    Lesions of seborrhoeic dermatitis:

a.       are minimally infiltrated erythemato – squamous lesions covered by oily yellowish scales

b.      often show a butterfly shape on nose and cheeks

c.       are covered on surface by thick silvery, glossy scales, that are easily removable

d.      are slightly itching

e.       weeping and crust forming are present only exceptionally

200.    Choose appropriate therapy of seborrhoeic dermatitis:

a.  substances of sulphur

b.  salicylates

c.  vitamin D

d.  mild topical corticosteroids

e.  antifungals

201.    Which skin manifestations are characteristic for pemphigus vulgaris?

a.       flaccid blisters on normal skin

b.      slight pressure on the roof of intact blister causes its distribution to peripheral

c.       blisters never occur on the mouth and vagina mucosa

d.      blister roof is relatively thin and ruptures easily

e.       small blisters often form on inflamed skin

202.    Which histological and morphological manifestation does occur in pemphigus vulgaris?

a.       Tzank's cells

b.      subepidermal blisters

c.       intraepidermal blisters

d.      acantholysis

e.       Munro's microabscesses

203.    Mark the correct statements about pemphigus vulgaris:

a.       erosions on the mucous membranes are extremely painful

b.      thin blister roof and their dissemination into the periphery leads to extensive erosion

c.       blister eruption is revealed in attacks

d.      the presence of IgA antibodies against gliadin is demonstrated in the serum of patients

e.       pemphigus has the highest lethality in all blistering dermatoses

204.    Choose the appropriate treatment of pemphigus vulgaris:

a.       sulfonamides

b.      corticosteroids

c.       antihistamines

d.      antimalarials

e.       immunosuppressants

205.    Favourite affected area of pemphigus vegetans is:

a.       palms and soles

b.      trunk and waist

c.       intertriginous areas

d.      face

e.       gluteal area

206.    Which skin manifestations are characteristic for pemphigus vegetans?

a.       on the contact surfaces papillomatous vegetative lesions are often secondarily infected

b.      the tiny vesicles are presented on the urticarial and inflammatory lesions

c.       vegetation can be very painful and unpleasant smelling

d.      they have a strong tendency to transition into erythroderma

e.       the warm and humid microenvironment helps to their development

207.    Which skin manifestations are characteristic for pemphigus foliaceus?

a.       the prognosis is the most serious of all forms of pemphigus

b.      the primary lesion is a small flaccid blister with a very thin roof

c.       Nikolsky sign I is negative

d.      the disease can spread to the whole skin surface and secondary erythroderma creates

e.       burning and pain sensation are present

208.    Pemphigus foliaceus is characterized by:

a.       itching

b.      nail loss

c.       involvement of mucous membranes

d.      the first symptoms are usually occured in seborrheic areas

e.       better prognosis than pemfigus vulgaris

209.    Which are the characteristic manifestations of pemphigus chronicus benignus familiaris – morbus Hailey-Hailey?

a.       flaccid vesicles and bullae form on the inflammed base

b.      erosions are usually covered by scales and crusts

c.       lesions never confluent

d.      Nikolsky sign I is not positive in affected area

e.       striking itching is present

210.    What is the usual localization of pemphigus chronicus benignus familiar?

a.       the chest

b.      the face

c.       the sides of the neck

d.      the intertriginous areas

e.       the abdomen

211.    What is favourite affected area of eruptions in dermatitis herpetiformis?

a.       face

b.      mucous membranes

c.       blade area

d.      gluteal and sacral area

e.       elbows and knees

212.    What are the typical manifestations of dermatitis herpetiformis?

a.       burning sensation or severe itching

b.      eruption of papules, wheals and tiny vesicles

c.       eruption of bullae on the mucous membranes

d.      fever

e.       the mucous membranes are not affected

213.    What are the characteristic symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis?

a.       polymorphic cutaneous changes

b.      burning and itching sensation

c.       frequent presence of lesions on the mucous membranes

d.      vesicles tend to herpetiform grouping

e.       systemic symptoms are not marked

214.    What type of hypersensitivity is manifested in dermatitis herpetiformis?

a.       to pollen allergens

b.      to dust

c.       to gluten

d.      to iodine

e.       to nickel

215.    Dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by:

a.       negative Nikolsky sign I

b.      positive allergy to iodine

c.       positive Tzanck smear

d.      therapeutic effect of the sulfone

e.       itching and burning sensation

216.    Choose the appropriate therapy for dermatitis herpetiformis:

a.       retinoids

b.      diet restriction of purines

c.       sulfones

d.      corticosteroids

e.       gluten-free diet

217.    What are the clinical manifestations of bullous pemphigoid?

a.       grouped bullous and pustulous lesions on the inflamed base

b.      flaccid vesicles and bullae on the normal skin

c.       vegetation can create in places of erosions

d.      eruption of tense bullae on erythematous base

e.       Nikolsky sign I can be positive

218.    What are the histological findings in bullous pemphigoid?

a.       Tzanck smear is positive

b.      bullae are subepidermal

c.       inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils is under the bullae in dermis

d.      acantholysis

e.       Munro's microabscesses

219.    Favourite affected areas of bullous pemphigoid are:

a.       mucous membranes

b.      lateral parts of the neck

c.       armpits

d.      flexor surface of forearms and inner thighs

e.       face

220.    Which age is typical for development of bullous pemphigoid?

a.       in neonatal

b.      in childhood

c.       in adolescence

d.      30-40 year

e.       Over 60 years

221.    Typical histological findings of pemphigus vulgaris are:

a.       intraepidermal blistering

b.      subepidermal blistering

c.       acantholysis

d.      Munro's microabscesses

e.       dyskeratosis

222.    Typical histological findings of bullous pemphigoid are:

a.       intraepidermal blistering

b.      subepidermal blistering

c.       acantholysis

d.      Munro's microabscesses

e.       dyskeratosis

223.    Typical histological findings of dermatitis herpetiformis are:

a.       intraepidermal blistering

b.      subepidermal blistering

c.       acantholysis

d.      acanthosis

e.       dyskeratosis

224.    Pemphigus vulgaris is characterized by:

a.       favourite affected areas: blade, gluteal and sacral area

b.      favourite affected areas: lateral part of the neck, armpits, flexor part of arm, inner thigh

c.       flaccid bullae usually on normal skin

d.      frequent changes of mucous membranes

e.       positive iodine test

225.    Dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by:

a.       favourite affected areas: blade, gluteal and sacral area

b.      favourite affected areas: lateral part of the neck, armpits, flexor part of arm, inner thigh

c.       flaccid bullae usually on normal skin

d.      frequent changes of mucous membranes

e.       iodine test is positive

226.    Bullous pemphigoid is characterized by:

a.       favourite affected areas: blade, gluteal and sacral area

b.      favourite affected areas: lateral part of the neck, axillas, flexor part of arm, inner thigh

c.       flaccid bullae usually on normal skin

d.      frequent changes of mucous membranes

e.       iodine test is positive

227.    Which disease are characterized by positive Nikolsky sign I?

a.       pemphigus vulgaris

b.      pemphigus foliaceus

c.       psoriasis vulgaris

d.      herpes simplex

e.       lichen planus

228.    Mark correct statements about pemphigus vulgaris:

a.       Nikolsky sign I is positive

b.      blisters filled with haemorrhagic fluid are always present

c.       flaccid blisters filled with clear and serous fluid are present

d.      eruptions occur in different time intervals

e.       also mucous membranes can be affected

229.    Systemic corticosteroids as first-line drugs are used in treatment of:

a.       erysipelas

b.      pemphigus vulgaris

c.       erythema migrans

d.      dermatitis herpetiformis

e.       porphyria cutanea tarda

230.    Generalised pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch type) is characterized by:

a.       always occurs on the basis of psoriasis vulgaris

b.      formation of sterile pustules

c.       pustules may coalesce

d.      the most affected sites are extensors and perianal area

e.       is the most severe form of pustular psoriasis

231.    Palmoplantar pustular psoriasis:

a.       is mostly disease of children

b.      is mostly disease of adult

c.       disability is usually asymmetric

d.      the course of disease is chronic

e.       it is difficult to treat

232.    Impetigo herpetiformis usually begins:

a.       in adolescence

b.      in middle-aged men

c.       at puberty

d.      during pregnancy

e.       non of these

233.    The two most frequent causative agents of pyoderma are:

a.       Haemophilus influenzae

b.      Streptococcus pyogenes

c.       Staphylococcus aureus

d.      Pseudomonas aeruginosa

e.       Proteus vulgaris

234.    Which of following factors support development of pyoderma?

a.       poor hygiene

b.      using emolients

c.       a defective skin barrier function

d.      humid climate

e.       microtrauma

235.    Superficial pustular folliculitis (ostiofolliculitis, impetigo Bockhart):

a.       is most commonly caused by streptococci

b.      is most commonly caused by staphylococci

c.       predisposing factors are humid and warm microclimate

d.      infundibulum of hair follicle is affected

e.       most often affects palms and soles

236.    Mark correct statements about superficial pustular folliculitis (ostiofolliculitis):

a.       it is inflammation of skin sebaceous glands especially their orifices

b.      often spreads by shaving

c.       maximum infiltration is on dermis and hypodermis interface

d.      infundibulum of hair follicle is affected

e.       absence of systemic symptoms

237.    Mark correct statements about furunculosis:

a.       is recurring furuncles

b.      is agregate of several grouped furuncles

c.       immunodeficient patients are predisposed

d.      is an infiltrative – suppurative process of sweat glands

e.       diabetics are predisposed

238.    The most common predisposing factors of furunculosis are:

a.       chronic carriage of bacteria in nasopharynx

b.      cachectic patients

c.       immunodeficient patients

d.      diabetes mellitus

e.       hyperhidrosis

239.    Furuncle is characterized by:

a.       acute deep inflammation of the skin around inflamed hair follicle

b.      lesions are painful

c.       inflammation is accompained by extensive oedema and painfulness

d.      acute inflammation, suppuration and necrosis of follicular and perifollicular tissue

e.       the most common causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus

240.    Furuncles occurring on the central area of face are more dangerous that furuncles occurring in other localizations because of:

a.       cosmetic reason

b.      painfulness

c.       more frequent relapses

d.      the possibility of cavernous sinus thrombosis and meningitis

e.       the possibility of paresis n. facialis

241.    Which of the following laboratory tests should be done in reccurence of furuncles?

a.       elecrophoresis of proteins

b.      glycemic curve

c.       rheumatoid factor

d.      ASLO

e.       determination antibiotic sensitivity on causative agent

242.    Mark correct statements about carbuncle:

a.       is aggregate of several communicated furuncles

b.      is superficial infection of hair follicle

c.       is accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy, lymphangoitis and fever

d.      the most common causative agent is Trichophyton rubrum

e.       disintegrating necrosis center of furuncle

243.    Choose appropriate therapy for furuncle and carbuncle:

a.       antifungal agents

b.      antiseptics

c.       application of moist heat

d.      topical antibiotics

e.       systemic antibiotics

244.    Which drugs are not used in treatment of pyoderma?

a.       antibiotics

b.      antimalarials

c.       antiseptics

d.      antifungal agents

e.       retinoids (isotretinoin)

245.    Mark correct statements about nonbullous impetigo:

a.       subcorneal vesicles are present

b.      eroded lesions dry to form a characteristic honey-colored crusts

c.       favourite affected areas are face, area around mouth and nasal entrance

d.      painful regional lymphadenopathy may be present

e.       systemic symptoms are present

246.    Mark correct statements about nonbullous impetigo:

a.       blisters have thicker cover and persist longer

b.      vesicles are hemispheric with tense cover

c.       blisters have thin cover and rupture easily

d.      crusts of yellow-gold color are created on erosions

e.       epidemics can be seen in kindergartens or paediatric wards

247.    Mark correct statements about bullous impetigo:

a.       blisters are large with several centimeters in diameter

b.      lesions usually occur on face

c.       contents of vesicles stay clear

d.      crusts of yellow-gold color are created on erosions

e.       epidemics can be seen in kindergartens or paediatric wards

248.    Choose the appropriate treatment for impetigo:

a.       topical antibiotics

b.      systemic antibiotics

c.       antifungal agents

d.      topical antiseptics

e.       topical therapy with penicilin

249.    Mark correct statements about bulla repens:

a.       the most common causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus

b.      firm blister is usually localized on the tip of digit

c.       is a special form of folliculitis

d.      fever is present

e.       blister is painful

250.    Mark correct statements about dermatepidermatitis microbica erythematosquamosa:

a.       disease most commonly occurs on the shins, especially in people with circulatory disorders

b.      is the starting point to form furuncles

c.       lesion are often extensive, sharply defined, covered by large thin scales

d.      lesions are covered by many pustules

e.       scalp and retroauricular area may also be affected

251.    Dermatepidermatitis microbica erythematosquamosa is characterized by:

a.       trunk is the most commonly affected

b.      lesion is covered by thin large scales

c.       lesion is covered by thick oily scales

d.      circinate lesion has a tendency to central healing

e.       skin under the scales is dark-red, shiny and dry

252.    Mark the most common site of erysipelas:

a.       hands

b.      face

c.       shin

d.      perigenital area

e.       without any favourite affected area

253.    Mark typical findings of erysipelas:

a.       asymmetrical demarcated erythema and oedema

b.      diarrhea

c.       swelling of joints

d.      shiver

e.       fever

254.    Mark correct statements about erysipelas:

a.       develops after penetration the group A of beta-haemolytic streptococci into lymph spaces of skin

b.      often occurs on the face

c.       recurrence is rare

d.      sometimes manifested in the bullous form

e.       most causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus

255.    Which symptom does occur in erysipelas?

a.       shiver

b.      sharply defined erythema with oedema

c.       painfulness to touch

d.      pruritus

e.       fever

256.    Mark correct statements about erysipelas:

a.       disease is highly contagious

b.      infection is transmitted from person to person rarely

c.       tiny erosions and rhagas are the site penetration of infection

d.      after healing remains immunity

e.       often recurs in the same place

257.    Which of these bacterial diseases are the most contagious?

a.       bullous impetigo

b.      folliculitis

c.       furuncle

d.      nonbullous impetigo

e.       erysipelas

258.    Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be proved in lesions:

a.       only by hyperergic form of cutaneous tuberculosis

b.      only by anergic form of cutaneous tuberculosis

c.       by normergic and anergic form of cutaneous tuberculosis

d.      by hyperergic and normergic form of cutaneous tuberculosis

e.       by hyperergic and anergic form of cutaneous tuberculosis

259.    Tuberculosis ulcerosa cutis et mucosae develops:

a.       in patients with progressive tuberculosis of internal organs

b.      direct contact with causative agent

c.       in normergic people

d.      in hyperergic people

e.       in anergic people

260.    The most common sites of tuberculosis ulcerosa cutis et mucosae are:

a.       the site of disintegration of erythema induratum

b.      around body orifices

c.       the fingers

d.      the conjunctiva

e.       site of BCG vaccination

261.    Tuberculosis ulcerosa cutis is characterized by:

a.       begins as papula, later evolves into pustula which does not ulcerate

b.      ulcers are numerous shallow with undermined edges

c.       ulcers are painful

d.      ulcers are solitary deep with flat edges

e.       localization of lesions corresponding with affected internal organs

262.    Tuberculosis cutis verrucosa develops:

a.       by haematogenous dissemination

b.      within the lymfatic vessels

c.       only in areas previous skin disease

d.      in surgical wounds

e.       in site penetrations exogenous infection

263.    Tuberculosis cutis verrucosa is characterized by:

a.       painful infiltrate with smooth surface

b.      painless brown-red infiltrate with hyperkeratotic verrucous surface

c.       the infiltrate resolves centrally and becomes annular in shape

d.      significant systemic symptoms

e.       lymph nodes are usually affected

264.    Tuberculosis cutis verrucosa is usually localized on:

a.       feet

b.      trunk

c.       gluteal area

d.      hands

e.       scalp

265.    Mark correct statements about tuberculosis cutis luposa:

a.       course is short and heals ad integrum

b.      serious complication may be development of squamous cell carcinoma in the scar of lupus vulgaris

c.       mycobacteria may arise from healed primary cutaneous tuberculosis where survived and were reactivated

d.      the basic morphological finding is pin-head sized nodules of red-brown or apple-jelly color

e.       disease may lead to mutilation of nose and ears

266.    The most common sites of lupus vulgaris are:

a.       acral areas – distal part of extremities

b.      above lymph nodes

c.       around body orifices

d.      nose, cheeks, ears

e.       scalp

267.    What can occur on the basis of lupus vulgaris?

a.       squamous cell carcinoma

b.      erysipelas recidivans

c.       pyoderma chronicum

d.      elephantiasis

e.       herpes zoster

268.    Diagnostic identification of mycobacteria may be used at:

a.       lupus vulgaris

b.      tuberculosis ulcerosa cutis et mucosae

c.       scrofuloderma (tuberculosis cutis coliquativa)

d.      papulonecrotic tuberculid

e.       ertythema induratum Bazin (tuberculosis cutis indurativa)

269.    Mark correct statements about scrofuloderma (tuberculosis cutis coliquativa):

a.       is hyperergic form of tuberculosis

b.      spreads per continuitatem and haematogenous pathway

c.       lesion begins as a firm nodule,followed by central liquefaction necrosis and perforation of abscess externaly

d.      is characterized by variety regression of signs with formation of new nodules, sinus tracts and ulcers

e.       heals ad integrum

270.    Which form of cutaneous tuberculosis is associated with positive tuberkulin test?

a.       tuberculosis ulcerosa cutis et mucosae

b.      papulonecrotic tuberculid

c.       lupus vulgaris

d.      erythema induratum Bazin (tuberculosis cutis indurativa)

e.       tuberculosis cutis verrucosa

271.    Favourite affected area of erythema induratum Bazin (tuberculosis cutis indurativa) is:

a.       extensors of forearms

b.      flexors of forearms

c.       extensors of lower part of legs

d.      flexors of lower part of legs

e.       trunk

272.    Mark correct statements about lichen scrofulosus (tuberculosis cutis lichenoides):

a.       develops in normergic people

b.      the most affected sites are lateral areas of trunk

c.       eruption consists of tiny papules with tendency to confluent

d.      eruption may disappear spontaneously within a few weeks

e.       lesions may disintegrated

273.    What are preventive precautions of tuberculosis?

a.       isolation of patients

b.      BCG vaccination

c.       follow up of exposed persons

d.      treatment patients with nidrazid

e.       treatment patients with griseofulvin

274.    Which form of tuberculosis cutis heals ad integrum?

a.       none

b.      tuberculosis cutis luposa

c.       erythema induratum Bazin (tuberculosis cutis indurativa)

d.      lichen scrofulosus (tuberculosis cutis lichenoides)

e.       scrofuloderma (tuberculosis cutis coliquativa)

275.    Sarcoidosis is caused by:

a.       agents of deep fungal infection

b.      Mycobacterium tuberculosis

c.       viral agents

d.      genetic factors

e.       cancer

276.    What is characteristic for disseminated miliaris sarcoidosis?

a.       nodules up to 3 mm in size

b.      nodules of size greater than 1 cm

c.       favourite affected areas on the face, above extensors of extremities

d.      favourite affected areas on the trunk

e.       involvement of internal organs is common

277.    What is present in large nodular type of cutaneous sarcoidosis?

a.       lesions in several cm

b.      telangiectases

c.       vesicles and pustules

d.      ulcers

e.       significant systemic symptoms

278.    Lupus pernio is a clinical variant of:

a.       lupus vulgaris

b.      chilblains

c.       lupus erythematosus chronicus

d.      photodermatosis

e.       sarcoidosis

279.    Angiolupoid sarcoidosis is characterized by:

a.       typical localization on nose

b.      solid yellow nodules

c.       telangiectases

d.      soft reddish-brown nodules

e.       typical localization on chin

280.    Which localizations are appropriated to do examination of the smear in acute gonorrhoea in fertile women?

a.       vulva

b.      urethra

c.       vagina

d.      cervix

e.       rectum

281.    Gonorrhoea is confirmed by:

a.       evidence of causative agent in dark field

b.      evidence of diplococci in Gram-stained smear

c.       examination of native smear

d.      evidence of regional lymph node swelling

e.       serological examination

282.    Which staining is used for evidence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

a.       Giemsa staining

b.      carbolfuchsin staining

c.       methylen blue staining

d.      Ziehl – Neelsen staining

e.       Gram staining

283.    What is a purpose of two glass urine test in examination of gonorrhoea in men?

a.       detection of salts in the urine

b.      specification of the localization of gonorrhoea

c.       acquisition of material for culture gonococci

d.      preparation for better taking of material for microscopic examination and culture

e.       to distinguish syphilis

284.    Why gonorrhoic infection primarily affects male and female urethra, cervix, rectum and ocular conjunctiva, as well as vulva and vagina of young girls?

a.       these localizations are most exposed to gonorrhoic infection

b.      mucous membranes of the human body are highly susceptible to gonorrhoic infection

c.       they are covered with squamous epithelium

d.      they are covered with columnar epithelium or transitional epithelium

e.       they have a common basis in hormonal causes

285.    What is the usual incubation period for gonorrhea in men?

a.       1-2 days

b.      3-5 days

c.       6-8 days

d.      1-2 weeks

e.       3-4 weeks

286.    What are the first clinical findings of urethritis gonorrhoica anterior acuta in man?

a.       burning in the orifice of the urethra especially during urination

b.      initially mucous discharge appears and after a few hours a dense purulent yellow, yellow-green discharge

c.       in the first days of infection tiny rhagas that cause escalation burning sensation are often manifest in the orifice of the urethra

d.      fever

e.       enlarged regional lymph nodes

287.    Few extracellular gonococci in the smear suggest:

a.       acute gonorrhea

b.      relapse of acute gonorrhea

c.       gonorrhoic cystitis

d.      chronic gonorrhea

e.       gonorrhea affects the front part of the urethra

288.    What are the manifestations of urethritis gonorrhoica posterior acuta in men?

a.       increase the amount of purulent discharge from the orifice of the urethra

b.      urge for frequent urination of small quantum of urine

c.       terminal hematuria

d.      painful erection

e.       burning pain during urination

289.    Assign to gonorrhea anterior acuta tight finding:

a.       there is mucus, epithelia, few leukocytes and little extracellular gonococci in the smear

b.      in the two glass urine test both urine portions are cloudy

c.       in the two glass urine test only the second urine portion is cloudy

d.      in the two glass urine test only the first urine portion is cloudy

e.       there are many leukocytes and intracellular gonococci in the smear

290.    Assign to gonorrhoea anterior et posterior chronica tight finding:

a.       there is mucus, epithelia, few leukocytes and little extracellular gonococci in the smear

b.      in the two glass urine test both urine portions are cloudy

c.       in the two glass urine test only the second urine portion is cloudy

d.      in the two glass urine test only the first urine portion is cloudy

e.       there are many leukocytes and intracellular gonococci in the smear

291.    What are the forms of prostatitis in gonorrhea?

a.       prostatitis parenchymatosa

b.      prostatitis granularis

c.       prostatitis catarrhalis

d.      prostatitis abscedens

e.       prostatitis follicularis

292.    The provocation method in the follow-up examination of gonorrhea in men is done with:

a.       boric acid 3% solution

b.      diluted Lugol's solution

c.       rivanol 1 % solution

d.      1 % acetic acid solution

e.       gentian violet 1 % solution

293.    In which of following diseases can occur arthritis?

a.       gonorrhoea

b.      vulvovaginitis candidomycetica

c.       psoriasis vulgaris

d.      ulcus molle

e.       herpes simplex genitalis

294.    Causative agent of ulcus molle is:

a.       Herpes simplex virus

b.      Treponema pallidum

c.       Haemophilus Ducreyi

d.      Haemophilus haemolyticus

e.       Streptococcus pyogenes

295.    Mark correct statements about ulcus molle:

a.       the first clinical symptoms begin after 1-3 days incubation period

b.      the incubation period is 5-7 days

c.       the first manifestation is a blister soon changing to pustule which is rapidly falling apart and creates an ulcer

d.      creates a cyst which ulcerates

e.       begins as a papula, which occurs on red inflamed base, changing to pustule, which ulcerates

296.    Which of these drugs are used in treatment of ulcus molle:

a.       penicillin

b.      sulphonamides

c.       vaccine

d.      topical antibiotics

e.       tetracycline

297.    Mark correct statements about granuloma inguinale:

a.       the first manifestation of disease can be a papula, which forms to a slowly growing ulcer

b.      the first manifestation of disease can be a pustule, which forms to a slowly growing ulcer

c.       the first manifestation of disease can be a urtica, which forms to a slowly growing ulcer

d.      the first manifestation of disease can be a cyst, which forms to a slowly growing ulcer

e.       the first manifestation of disease can be a nodule, which forms to a slowly growing ulcer

298.    What is necessary for diagnosis of ulcus durum?

a.       clinical features

b.      examination of native specimen in dark field

c.       examination of specimen with Gramm staining

d.      two glass urine test

e.       positive RRR in 3rd week of infection

299.    What examination clearly confirms the diagnosis of ulcus durum?

a.       history and clinical examination

b.      history of sexual contact with a person suffering from syphilis

c.       positive nontreponemal classical reactions (RRR)

d.      proof of Treponema pallidum in the dark field

e.       positive TPHA test

300.    Treponema pallidum is getting into the human body usually:

a.       through intact skin

b.      through intact mucous membrane

c.       through impaired skin

d.      through impaired mucous membrane

e.       by sexual intercourse

301.    Mark correct statements about leucoderma syphiliticum:

a.       occurs on the lateral sides of trunk

b.      its synonym is “Venus necklace”

c.       belongs to prodromal symptoms of syphilis

d.      arises usually around the 5th to 6th month after infection

e.       occurs on the lateral sides of the neck

302.    Which serological reaction to detection of syphilis may be positive already in 2nd week of infection?

a.       TPHA

b.      FTA-ABS

c.       VDRL

d.      RRR

e.       19S IgM FTA-ABS

303.    Classical nontreponemal reactions become positive:

a.       in the 2nd week after infection

b.      in the 3rd week after infection

c.       in the 6th week after infection

d.      in the 9th week after infection

e.       in the 11th week after infection

304.    Incubation period of syphilis is:

a.       2 weeks

b.      3 weeks

c.       6 weeks

d.      8 weeks

e.       10 weeks

305.    What are the typical clinical manifestations of ulcus durum?

a.       soft infiltration dark-purple color, with verrucous surface

b.      starting point for ulcer is sometimes a blister on intact skin

c.       solid infiltration dark-pink color with smooth, shiny erosion on the surface

d.      ulcer is not usually painful

e.       arises on the basis of multiple flat grouped papules

306.    What is masked syphilis?

a.       synonym for syphilis decapitated

b.      delay formation of ulcus durum due to the parallel treatment of other diseases, inadequate doses of antibiotics

c.       obscure the symptoms of primary and early secondary syphilis due to the parallel treatment of other diseases, inadequate doses of antibiotics

d.      synonym for syphilis connate

e.       synonym for syphilis latens

307.    Enlargement of regional lymph nodes by syphilis occurs:

a.       in the 2nd – 3rd week after infection

b.      in the 4th – 5th week after infection

c.       in the 6th – 7th week after infection

d.      in the 8th – 9th week after infection

e.       in the 10th week after infection

308.    Mark correct statements about syphilis secundaria recens:

a.       a smaller number of larger lesions compared with syphilis secundaria recidivans

b.      lesions are symmetrically distributed

c.       lesions often confluent

d.      the most common is macular and papular rash

e.       lesions significantly itch

309.    Mark correct statements for secondary syphilis recidivans:

a.       a tiny number of larger lesions compared with syphilis secundaria recens

b.      lesions are paler in comparison with syphilis secundaria recens

c.       lesions often confluent

d.      the intensity of recurrent eruptions is gradually increasing

e.       lesions significantly itch

310.    Mark correct statements about secondary syphilis:

a.       occurs around the 9th - 10th week after infection

b.      typical symptoms are condylomata accuminata

c.       typical symptoms are condylomata lata

d.      lymph nodes are usually not enlarged

e.       occurs around the 3rd to 4th week after infection

311.    What are the symptoms of the primary syphilis?

a.       macular syphilid

b.      condylomata lata

c.       enlargement of regional lymph nodes

d.      ulcus durum

e.       leucoderma syphilitica

312.    Mark correct statements about tertiary syphilis:

a.       the most common manifestation is tuberous syphilid

b.      the most common manifestation is macular syphilid

c.       manifestations of tuberous syphilid are painful

d.      tertiary syphilis is not infectious

e.       disintegration of infiltrates forms deep ulcers with rigid edges

313.    Mark correct statements about tuberous syphilid:

a.       tuberous syphilid is the most common clinical form of tertiary syphilis

b.      the essential lesion is a well-defined nodule with size to 10 mm

c.       lesions heal without a trace

d.      lesions tend to spread serpiginous

e.       ulcers heal with pigmented scar

314.    Mark correct statements about basal cell carcinoma:

a.       younger people are mainly affected

b.      in the pathogenesis excessive UV-radiation is significant

c.       does not affect places exposed to UV-radiation

d.      telangiectases, threadlike border, irregular pigmentation are typical

e.       overgrowth to the deeper layers may result in destruction of cartilage and bone

315.    Mark correct statements about syphilis gummosa:

a.       initially gumma seems as tough, elastic, painless nodule

b.      the original nodule never disintegrates

c.       disintegration of gumma forms ulcer of kidney shape

d.      gumma heals without a trace

e.       can also affect the mucous membranes

316.    Congenital syphilis of the child is manifested by the most severe forms:

a.       when Treponema pallidum is highly virulent

b.      by insufficient fetal nutrition

c.       when a pregnant woman suffers from recent syphilis

d.      in case of an earlier syphilitic infection of mother

e.       when the mother was treated for syphilis sufficiently in the first 3 months of pregnancy

317.    Mark correct statements about syphilis in pregnant women:

a.       the treatment is using higher doses of penicillin than in non-pregnant women

b.      infection with syphilis is occasionally transmitted to the fetus at the end of the second month of pregnancy

c.       tertiary syphilis of mother can no longer cause any pathological changes in the fetus

d.      fetus is safely protect against possible congenital disorders if a woman is treated in the first three months of pregnancy

e.       recent untreated syphilis of the mother in early pregnancy causes significant fetal damage

318.    Which symptoms are characteristic for syphilis connata praecox:

a.       ulcus durum

b.      syphilitic polished heels

c.       parrot lines

d.      coryza syphilitica

e.       saber shins (curved tibias)

319.    In which period of pregnancy, abortion of the fetus may occur as a result of mother's syphilitic infection?

a.       In 1st -2nd month

b.      before 5th month

c.       in 6th – 7th month

d.      only after 7th month

e.       abortion can't occur

320.    What are the clinical manifestations characteristic for the Hutchinson triad?

a.       deafness

b.      saddle nose

c.       hutchinson incisors

d.      keratitis parenchymatosa

e.       parrot lines

321.    The best drug for syphilis is considered to be:

a.       sulphonamides

b.      streptomycin

c.       penicillin

d.      tetracycline

e.       combination of erythromycin and iodine

322.    Which drugs are appropriate for patient with syphilis, allergic to penicillin?

a.       quinolones

b.      sulphonamides

c.       doxycycline

d.      penicillin at the same time with corticosteroids

e.       ceftriaxone

323.    In which syphilitic lesions Treponema pallidum can be proved?

a.       ulcus durum

b.      tuberous syphilid

c.       alopecia areolaris syphilitica

d.      condylomata lata

e.       gumma

324.    Assign the clinical forms of primary syphilis:

a.       macular syphilid

b.      condylomata lata

c.       plaques opalines

d.      ulcus durum

e.       tuberous syphilid

325.    Assign the clinical forms of secondary syphilis:

a.       macular syphilid

b.      condylomata lata

c.       plaques opalines

d.      ulcus durum

e.       tuberous syphilid

326.    Assign the clinical forms of tertiary syphilis:

a.       macular syphilid

b.      condylomata lata

c.       plaques opalines

d.      ulcus durum

e.       tuberous syphilid

327.    Match the serologic type 1 Herpes simplex virus and the diseases it brings on:

a.       Herpes simplex

b.      gingivostomatitis herpetica

c.       Herpes simplex progenitalis

d.      aphthoid Pospischill – Feyrter

e.       eczema herpeticum

328.    Match the serologic type 2 Herpes simplex virus and the diseases it brings on:

a.       herpes simplex

b.      gingivostomatitis herpetica

c.       herpes simplex progenitalis

d.      aphthoid Pospischill – Feyrter

e.       eczema herpeticum

329.    How does the primary herpes simplex infection proceed most frequently?

a.       subclinically

b.      as eczema herpeticum

c.       as vulvovaginitis

d.      as keratoconjuctivitis

e.       as aphthoid Pospischill – Feyrter

330.    In which age group herpes simplex virus primoinfection usually occurs?

a.       up to 12 months

b.      1 – 5 years

c.       6 – 10 years

d.      11 – 15 years

e.       15 – 20 years

331.    What is the most frequent herpes simplex localization?

a.       face

b.      buccal mucosa

c.       lips

d.      conjunctiva

e.       scalp

332.    Mark correct statements about gingivostomatitis herpetica:

a.       herpes simplex virus primoinfection can proceed this way

b.      occurs mostly in children

c.       infection occurs as an acute illness with fever, headache and nausea

d.      after disturbance thin roof of blisters develop grey-white erosions

e.       disease is accompanied with excessive salivation, difficulty in opening the mouth and swallowing

333.    Match the appropriate statements for gingivostomatitis herpetica:

a.       it is rare in the elderly

b.      mostly 1-2 lesions, exceptionally more than 5 lesions arise

c.       round surface erosions

d.      manifestations are localized mostly on tonsillae

e.       excessive salivation

334.    Mark correct statements about aphthoid Pospischill – Feyrter:

a.       disease caused by candida

b.      disease of mucous membranes caused by bacterial agents

c.       manifested by the cluster of vesicles on inflamed oral cavity mucosa

d.      disease may affect not only oral cavity mucosa but also genital area

e.       disease of mucous membranes caused by dermatophytes

335.    Eczema herpeticum is:

a.       primary HSV 1 infection

b.      disease associated with atopica dermatitis

c.       secondary HSV 1 infection

d.      disease associated with psoriasis vulgaris

e.       it is not a viral infection

336.    Herpes zoster is a secondary infection of:

a.       herpes simplex

b.      morbilli

c.       gingivostomatitis

d.      varicella

e.       variola

337.    Mark correct statements about herpes zoster:

a.       disease occurs mostly in older age groups

b.      numerous tiny vesicles arise on the inflamed baser grouped into herpetiform lesions

c.       Recurrent eruptions of new vesicles caused developmental polymorphism of the clinical features

d.      lesions are formed symmetrically on both body sides along the nerve

e.       disease is accompanied with the neuralgic pain mostly in the elderly

338.    Mark correct statements about herpes zoster:

a.       bleeding into the blisters (zoster haemorrhagicus) indicates short and mild course of disease

b.      in herpes zoster ophthalmicus herpetic keratitis and uveitis may develop

c.       in herpes zoster generalisatus immunodeficient condition has to be taken into account

d.      neuralgia usually disappears simultaneously with the recession of skin lesions

e.       uncomplicated forms of herpes zoster may heal without scar

339.    Verrucae vulgares are caused by:

a.       varicella-zoster virus

b.      virus from group of poxviruses

c.       human papilomavirus

d.      Coxsackie virus

e.       Candida albicans

340.    Mark correct statements about verrucae vulgares:

a.       it is a contagious disease only in children´s age

b.      it is a contagious disease regardless of age

c.       contagiosity of the disease has not been proven

d.      also healthy people can be the source of infection

e.       plantar warts are usually very painful

341.    Surface of verrucae vulgares is:

a.       smooth with depression

b.      smooth only initially

c.       smooth with pearl appearance

d.      gradually cornifies and becomes rough and verrucous

e.       surface is not characteristic

342.    Typical long-lasting verrucae vulgares look like:

a.       tiny flat papules of the size of pinheads with smooth surface and color of normal skin or light-brown color

b.      mostly flat papules of polygonal shape with smooth matt surface and violet-pink color

c.       atypically round, sharply defined nodules 1 – 3 cm in diameter, at the periphery with violet-brown border

d.      round or oval sharply defined papules up to 1 cm with rough verrucous surface usually in yellow-brown color

e.       hemispherical papules up to 5 mm with smooth central depressed surface

343.    Which warts are painful?

a.       filiform warts around eyes

b.      plantar warts

c.       subungual warts

d.      localized on palms

e.       all are painful

344.    What is the difference between verrucae plane and verrucae vulgares?

a.       size

b.      spontaneous disappearing

c.       surface

d.      typical localization

e.       none

345.    What are the most common localizations of condylomata acuminata?

a.       oral cavity mucosa

b.      labia minora

c.       sulcus coronarius

d.      armpits

e.       perianal region

346.    What are condylomata acuminata?

a.       direct consequence of the skin maceration which accompanies inflammatory and by irritation induced processes on genitalia

b.      manifestations appeared in early state of secondary syphilis

c.       infected epithelioma caused by HPV (human papilomavirus)

d.      disease of bacterial aetiology

e.       disease of fungal aetiology

347.    What are the typical signs of condylomata acuminata?

a.       they resemble verrucae vulgares

b.      they are transmitted by direct contact or indirectly

c.       soft consistency, maceration, malodorous secretion

d.      significant painfulness

e.       itching

348.    How to remove condylomata acuminata?

a.       by radiation with Bucky marginal rays

b.      with podophyllin in the solution or cream

c.       by cryotherapy

d.      by administration of systemic antibiotics

e.       by excochleation

349.    Mark correct statements about molluscum contagiosum:

a.       papula is hemispherical, sharply defined, violet color

b.      papula is normal skin color or light-pink

c.       papula is firm and smooth umbilicated usually 2-6 mm in diameter

d.      manifestations are painful

e.       poxvirus is a trigger

350.    Mark the characteristic statements about molluscum contagiosum:

a.       flat polygonal papules of blue-pink to blue-red shade, isolated or linear arrangement, itching

b.      hemispherical nodules with smooth surface arranged into annular shape

c.       indolent polygonal papules of light-yellow color with inflammatory border

d.      round or oval sharply defined papules of the size of lentils with rough verrucous surface, usually grey or dirty-brown color

e.       indolent hemispherical firm papules of the skin color, size of several millimetres with central dish-shaped vallecula

351.    Mark correct statements about stomatitis epidemica epizootica:

a.       contagious virus disease easily transmissible from animals to humans

b.      rabbit is the most frequent source of infection

c.       cattle is the most frequent source of infection

d.      infection is induced by RNA epizootic stomatitis virus

e.       infection is induced by paravaccinia virus

352.    Mark correct statements about clinical features of stomatitis epidemica epizootica:

a.       lips and oral cavity mucosa are affected preferably

b.      nonspecific systemic symptoms develop first

c.       pathologic changes do not recede spontaneously – without treatment

d.      systemic antiviral agents are always administered in treatment

e.       vesicles may develop also on upper and lower limbs

353.    Causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum is:

a.       Haemophilus ducreyi

b.      Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

c.       Chlamydia trachomatis

d.      Ureaplasma urealyticum

e.       Mycoplasma hominis

354.    Causative agent of granuloma inguinale is:

a.       Haemophilus ducreyi

b.      Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

c.       Chlamydia trachomatis

d.      Ureaplasma urealyticum

e.       Mycoplasma hominis

355.    Mark correct statements about lymphogranuloma venereum:

a.       it is transmitted by sexual intercourse

b.      incubation period is 2-3 days

c.       lymph nodes in inguinal area are after 2-4 weeks enlarged, painful and connected with inflamed skin

d.      lymph nodes colliquate and pus discharges from numerous fistulae

e.       healing is usually without a trace

356.    Molluscum contagiosum is caused by:

a.       human papilloma virus

b.      herpes simplex virus

c.       virus from poxviruses group

d.      Coxsackie virus

e.       EBV

357.    Mark the disease in which the virus as an aetiological agent has not been proved so far:

a.       herpes simplex

b.      pemphigus vulgaris

c.       verrucae vulgares

d.      condylomata acuminata

e.       molluscum contagiosum

358.    Herpes zoster is caused by:

a.       human papilloma virus

b.      herpes simplex virus

c.       virus from poxviruses group

d.      Coxsackie virus

e.       varicella-zoster virus

359.    How are hair, scale and nail in a suspicion of fungal infection microscopically examined?

a.       gram staining

b.      in lactophenol

c.       Giemsa staining

d.      in the solution of KOH

e.       in a dark field

360.    For cultural examination of pathologic material from dermatomycosis is used:

a.       blood agar

b.      Szenes medium

c.       Czapek – Dox medium

d.      Sabouraud´s glucose agar

e.       none

361.    Which of the following conditions are favourable for cultivation of dermatophytes?

a.       light, dryness and temperature 37 ˚C

b.      light, humidity and temperature 37 ˚C

c.       dark, humidity and room temperature

d.      dark, dryness and temperature 13-15 ˚C

e.       CO2 atmosphere and temperature 28 ˚C

362.    Hair affected by which dermatophyte fluoresce under the Wood´s light?

a.       all hair affected by any dermatophyte

b.      Trichophyton violaceum

c.       Microsporum audouinii

d.      Microsporum canis

e.       Trichophyton rubrum

363.    Causative agent of pityriasis versicolor is:

a.       Malassezia sp.

b.      Nocardia brasiliensis

c.       Pityrosporum ovale

d.      Corynebacterium tenuis

e.       Corynebacterium minutissimum

364.    Pityriasis versicolor occurs in people:

a.       with increased level of sugar in the blood

b.      with increased level of urea in the blood

c.       with dry skin

d.      immunosuppressive

e.       which are more sweating

365.    Typical localization of pityriasis versicolor is:

a.       trunk

b.      interdigital area of feet

c.       perigenital area

d.      armpits

e.       scalp

366.    Which symptoms are important for diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor?

a.       Köbner phenomenon

b.      evidence of fine dust – like scales

c.       fluorescence in Wood´s light

d.      preferable localization on inner thighs

e.       microscopic evidence of fungal agents

367.    What is the relation of Candida albicans to human skin?

a.       sometimes contaminates skin

b.      often occurs in human skin as saprophyte

c.       is occasionally pathogenic microorganism

d.      always causes pathological processes in the skin

e.       the development of candidiasis involves a number of factors from human organism

368.    Which of the following factors are predisposing in the development of candidiasis?

a.       cytostatics

b.      diabetes mellitus

c.       treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics

d.      warm and humid environment

e.       long-lasting treatment with corticosteroids

369.    Where can develop infectious processes caused by Candida albicans?

a.       on the nails

b.      on the oral cavity mucosa

c.       in gastrointestinal tract

d.      on the mucosa of genitals

e.       in intertriginous areas

370.    Which of the following parts of the skin and mucous membranes tend to be prevalent localization of candidiasis?

a.       scalp

b.      submammary folds in women

c.       mouth

d.      trunk

e.       inguinal folds

371.    What are the characteristic clinical signs of candidal paronychia et onychia?

a.       release of distal end of the nail

b.      swollen, tight, shiny and inflamed skin of paronychial tissue

c.       pain on pressure

d.      transverse ridge on nails

e.       lack of eponychium

372.    What diagnosis would you assume in infants with small, whitish, increasing spots on the tongue, gums and buccal mucosa?

a.       catarrh of digestive organs

b.      diphtheria

c.       Plaut – Vincent angina

d.      oral candidiasis

e.       beginning of leukoplakia

373.    What is often the causative agent of oral candidiasis in the elderly persons suffering from digestive disorders, bad fitting prosthesis, or chronic use of antibiotics, pipe smoking?

a.       Streptococcus

b.      Staphylococcus

c.       Candida

d.      Micrococcus

e.       Fusobacterium

374.    Candidal paronychia et onychia is most common in:

a.       infants

b.      adolescents

c.       housewives

d.      confectioners

e.       masons

375.    Oral candidiasis is most common in:

a.       infants

b.      diabetics

c.       housewives

d.      confectioners

e.       masons

376.    Erythema mycoticum infantile (Ibrahim – Beck) is most common in:

a.       infants

b.      adolescents

c.       housewives

d.      confectioners

e.       masons

377.    Choose the appropriate treatment of candidiasis:

a.       fluconazole

b.      erythromycin

c.       terbinafine

d.      tetracycline

e.       ketoconazole

378.    In the treatment of candidiasis is not used:

a.       imidazole derivatives

b.      penicillin

c.       gentian violet

d.      nystatin

e.       fluconazole

379.    Fungal infections on the skin are characterized by:

a.       there are round, sharply defined lesions with maximum expression in the central part of the lesion

b.      they are round or polycyclic sharply defined lesions with maximum expression in the peripheral zone

c.       lesions are mainly on the mucous membranes

d.      dermatophytes grow through the upper layer of epidermis or nail plate and hair

e.       causal agent is identified only by serological testing

380.    Mark three most common causative agents of tinea pedis (epidermophytia pedis):

a.       Trichophyton violaceum

b.      Trichophyton rubrum

c.       Epidermophyton floccosum

d.      Trichophyton rosaceum

e.       Trichophyton interdigitale

381.    The most commonly causative agent of tinea manuum (epidermophytia manuum) is:

a.       Epidermophyton floccosum

b.      Trichophyton rubrum

c.       Trichophyton interdigitale

d.      Trichophyton schoenleinii

e.       Microsporum canis

382.    Tinea inguinalis (epidermophytia inguinalis) caused by Trichophyton rubrum is characterized by:

a.       the edges of the lesions are nibbled, intermittent cracked

b.      on the edge of the lesion are small vesicles present

c.       the inflammation is more intense in the central part of the lesion then in the peripheral zone

d.      itching

e.       lesions are round with a continuous rim

383.    Mark the correct statements about tinea pedum (epidermophytia pedum):

a.       infection is often transmitted indirectly in the swimming pool, shared showers, sports facilities

b.      diagnosis is confirmed by evidence of fungi and positive fungal culture

c.       erosion between the toes can be an entrance for erysipelas

d.      treatment with penicillin is used

e.       treatment with terbinafine is used

384.    Which of these pathogenic fungi does most commonly cause pathological changes on the nails (tinea unguium, onychomycosis)?

a.       Trichophyton verrucosum

b.      Trichophyton interdigitale

c.       Trichophyton rubrum

d.      Trichophyton violaceum

e.       Trichophyton mentagrophytes

385.    Which tests are used in pityriasis versicolor?

a.       examination in dark field

b.      microscopic examination using KOH solution

c.       Wood`s light examination

d.      dermatoscopy

e.       preparation stained by Giemsa

386.    Interdigital tinea pedis and its causative agent Trichophyton interdigitale is characterized by:

a.       the skin of all interdigital spaces is usually affected

b.      the 3rd and the 4th interdigital spaces are predominantly affected

c.       lesions are slightly inflamed and they have a relative dry nature

d.      all nail plates are always affected

e.       macerated skin is white, madescent erosions and rhagas create

387.    Interdigital candidiasis is characterized by:

a.       skin of all interdigital spaces is usually affected

b.      the 3rd and the 4th interdigital spaces are predominantly affected

c.       lesions are slightly inflamed and they have a relative dry nature

d.      skin is whitish, macerated, moist with erosions and rhagas

e.       all nail plates are affected

388.    Irritant contact dermatitis is characterized by:

a.       lesions occur only in the location of the irritant

b.      lesions spread to surrounding

c.       monomorphic lesions are distributed evenly around the area

d.      non well demarcated edges of the lesion

e.       well demarcated edges of the lesion

389.    Two most frequent causative agents of Tinea profunda in Slovakia are:

a.       Trichophyton verrucosum

b.      Trichophyton violaceum

c.       Trichophyton schoenleinii

d.      Trichophyton mentagrophytes

e.       Trichophyton rubrum

390.    Mark correct statement about tinea:

a.       causative agent lives mainly in keratin

b.      disease is contagious

c.       tinea is listed among notifiable contagious disease

d.      affects mainly mucous membrane

e.       affects mainly skin

391.    Tinea profunda (Kerion) is:

a.       form of deep pyoderma

b.      disease caused by virus

c.       disease caused by yeast

d.      special form of alopecia

e.       deep fungal infection caused by dermatophytes

392.    Mark the correct statements about tinea capitis:

a.       causative agent is Microsporum audouinii

b.      causative agent is Malassezia sp.

c.       form well demarcated lesions

d.      occurs mainly in childhood

e.       Wood´s light examination shows bright green fluorescence

393.    Mark the correct statements about favus:

a.       causative agent is Trichophyton rubrum

b.      causative agent is Trichophyton schoenleinii

c.       causative agent is Microsporum audouinii

d.      if the process takes a long time, there arise atrophy and alopecia

e.       Wood´s light examination of affected hair shows bright green fluorescence

394.    Tinea capitis caused by genus Microsporum is characterized by clinical findings:

a.       multiple small diseminated scaly areas with thinned hairs, which break off at the scalp surface

b.      round well demarcated areas, affected hairs break off 2-4 mm above the scalp surface

c.       round well demarcated areas appearance of normal skin with hair loss

d.      non well demarcated areas without scales

e.       Wood´s light examination of affected hair shows bright green fluorescence

395.    Nonimflammatory tinea capitis (trichophyton type) is characterized by clinical findings:

a.       multiple small disseminated scaly areas with thinned hairs, which break off at or near to the scalp surface

b.      round well demarcated areas with affected hair broken off 2-4 mm above the scalp surface

c.       round well demarcated areas appearance of normal skin with hair loss

d.      non well demarcated areas with massive scales

e.       Wood´s light examination of affected hair shows bright green fluorescence

396.    Alopecia areata is characterized by:

a.       multiple small disseminated scaly areas with thinned hairs, which break off at the scalp surface

b.      round well demarcated areas with affected hair broken off 3 mm above the scalp surface

c.       round well demarcated areas appearance of normal skin with hair loss

d.      non well demarcated areas with massive scales

e.       Wood´s light examination of affected areas shows fluorescence

397.    Causative agent of tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) is:

a.       Trichophyton schoenleinii

b.      Trichophyton violaceum

c.       Epidermophyton floccosum

d.      Malassezia sp.

e.       Microsporum audouinii

398.    Causative agent of tinea capitis is:

a.       Trichophyton verrucosum

b.      Trichophyton tonsurans

c.       Epidermophyton floccosum

d.      Malassezia sp.

e.       Microsporum audouinii

399.    Causative agent of favus is:

a.       Trichophyton violaceum

b.      Trichophyton verrucosum

c.       Trichophyton schoenleinii

d.      Trichophyton rubrum

e.       Microsporum audouinii

400.    Causative agent of inflammatory tinea capitis (Kerion Celsi) is:

a.       Trichophyton violaceum

b.      Trichophyton verrucosum

c.       Trichophyton schoenleinii

d.      Trichophyton rubrum

e.       Microsporum audouinii

401.    Causative agent of trichophytia superficialis capillitii is:

a.       Trichophyton violaceum

b.      Trichophyton verrucosum

c.       Trichophyton schoenleinii

d.      Trichophyton rubrum

e.       Microsporum audouinii

402.    Antropophilic dermatophytes are:

a.       Trichophyton rubrum

b.      Trichophyton verrucosum

c.       Epidermophyton floccosum

d.      Trichophyton mentagrophytes

e.       Microsporum gypseum

403.    Zoophilic dermatophytes are:

a.       Trichophyton rubrum

b.      Trichophyton verrucosum

c.       Epidermophyton floccosum

d.      Trichophyton mentagrophytes

e.       Microsporum gypseum

404.    Geophilic dermatophytes are:

a.       Trichophyton rubrum

b.      Trichophyton verrucosum

c.       Trichophyton violaceum

d.      Trichophyton mentagrophytes

e.       Microsporum gypseum

405.    Which of the following fungal infections are caused by antropophilic dermatophytes?

a.       inflammatory tinea capitis (Kerion Celsi)

b.      nodular folliculitis (epidermophytia granulomatosa nodularis cruris)

c.       tinea capitis

d.      tinea pedis

e.       epidermophytia unguium

406.    Which of the following fungal infections are caused by zoophilic dermatophytes?

a.       inflammatory tinea capitis (Kerion Celsi)

b.      nodular folliculitis (epidermophytia granulomatosa nodularis cruris)

c.       favus caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes

d.      favus caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii

e.       tinea unguium

407.    The host of Trichophyton verrucosum is:

a.       a human

b.      a cat

c.       a cattle

d.      rodents

e.       a dog

408.    The host of Trichophyton mentagrophytes is:

a.       a human

b.      a cat

c.       a cattle

d.      rodents

e.       a dog

409.    The host of Microsporum canis is:

a.       a human

b.      a cat

c.       a cattle

d.      rodents

e.       a dog

410.    Choose the group of people in which Candida albicans cause a disease most frequently:

a.       persons working with hay (feeders, etc.)

b.      adolescents

c.       housewives

d.      gardeners

e.       confectioners

411.    Choose the group of people in which Microsporum gypseum cause a disease most frequently:

a.       persons working with hay (feeders, etc.)

b.      adolescents

c.       housewives

d.      gardeners

e.       confectioners

412.    Choose the group of people in which Trichophyton mentagrophytes cause a disease most frequently:

a.       dog keepers

b.      livestock keepers

c.       rabbit breeders

d.      swimming pool staff

e.       confectioners

413.    Choose the group of people in which Trichophyton verrucosum cause a disease most frequently:

a.       dog keepers

b.      livestock keepers

c.       rabbit breeders

d.      swimming pool staff

e.       confectioners

414.    Choose the group of people in which Trichophyton interdigitale cause a disease most frequently:

a.       barbers

b.      farmers

c.       workers in the fruit-growing and canning industry

d.      swimming pool visitors

e.       confectioners

415.    Choose the group of people in which Candida albicans cause a disease most frequently:

a.       barbers

b.      farmers

c.       dog keepers

d.      swimming pool visitors

e.       confectioners

416.    Choose the group of people in which Trichophyton rubrum cause a disease most frequently:

a.       barbers

b.      farmers

c.       workers in the fruit-growing and canning industry

d.      swimming pool visitors

e.       confectioners

417.    What is mykid?

a.       primary infection of dermatophytes

b.      dissemination of spores of dermatophytes to internal organs

c.       secondary yeast infection

d.      allergic manifestations induced by decay substances or metabolites of dermatophytes away from the fungal burden

e.       secondary infection of dermatophytes

418.    Which dermatosis is compulsorily notifiable?

a.       candidiasis

b.      trichophytia

c.       microsporia

d.      tinea

e.       trichomycosis axillaris

419.    Causative agent of scabies is a species which is appropriate to the genus:

a.       pediculus

b.      thrombiculus

c.       pediculoides

d.      sarcoptes

e.       thyrogliphidae

420.    Typical localizations for the occurrence of intraepidermal tunnels (burrows) in scabies in adults are:

a.       palms and soles

b.      extensors of extremities

c.       parts of the body covered by clothing

d.      around the navel

e.       interdigital web spaces of the hands

421.    Symptoms of hypersensitivity in scabies are:

a.       inflammatory nodules

b.      erythemas

c.       wheals

d.      itching without lesions

e.       oedemas

422.    Transmission of human scabies can be caused by:

a.       droplets infection

b.      linens

c.       direct and long-term contact with the infected person

d.      clothing

e.       blood transfusion

423.    Crusted scabies (Norwegian scabies) is:

a.       geographic variant of human scabies

b.      variant of animal scabies

c.       atypical form of scabies in immune-depressed people

d.      term for the skin manifestations, which are not related to infestations with the mite Sarcoptes scabiei

e.       variant of scabies in children

424.    The first symptom of pediculosis capitis is:

a.       maculae coeruelae

b.      bacterial infection

c.       localized pruritus

d.      fever

e.       generalized erythema

425.    Which clinical manifestations are caused by Pediculus capitis?

a.       urticaria with central punctate haemorrhage

b.      papulovesicles, urticaria

c.       matt, dry, in flocks sticking hair

d.      maculae ceruleae

e.       parallel excoriations between shoulder blades

426.    Mark clinical features caused by Pediculus pubis

a.       urticaria with central punctate haemorrhage

b.      papulovesicles, urticaria

c.       matt, dry, in flaks sticking hair

d.      maculae ceruleae

e.       parallel excoriations between shoulder blades

427.    Ixodes ricinus may cause:

a.       erysipelas

b.      erythema migrans

c.       persistent oedema of affected parts of the skin

d.      lymphadenosis cutis benigna

e.       Lyme disease

428.    The most reliable diagnostic sign for morbus Darier is:

a.       the arrangement and localization of lesions

b.      histological findings

c.       the period when first symptoms of disease occur

d.      mental retardation

e.       itching

429.    Mark correct statements about ephelides:

a.       usually appear in childhood

b.      their intensity increases into adulthood

c.       freckles increase in number in summer

d.      their intensity increases in summer

e.       inheritance is autosomal dominant

430.    The pigmented macules in Peutz – Jeghers syndrome may appear:

a.       on external parts of nasal wings and on dorsal part of the nose

b.      on dorsal parts of hands

c.       around the mouth and on oral mucosa

d.      on the neck

e.       anywhere on the skin but always grouped

431.    Symptoms of Peutz – Jeghers syndrome are:

a.       whitish – brown macules reminding ephelides

b.      pigmented patches never affecting the mucous membranes

c.       pigmented macules around mouth and on the oral mucosa

d.      polyps in the intestinal tract

e.       hypopigmentations of the extremities

432.    Which of these diseases are manifested by pigmentation of the mucous membranes?

a.       morbus Addison

b.      syndroma Peutz – Jeghers

c.       ephelides

d.      centrofacial lentiginosis

e.       melanodermitis toxica

433.    Melasma may be associated with:

a.       the use of oral contraceptives

b.      hyperthyroidism

c.       pregnancy

d.      the combined effect of hormonal changes and UV radiation

e.       renal dysfunction

434.    Piebaldism (partial albinism) is:

a.       depigmentations on hairless skin

b.      clinical feature of vitiligo in the scalp

c.       congenital defects in melanin production, in which white hair grow on round depigmented area

d.      naevus anaemicus is synonym

e.       well demarcated skin depigmentation caused by spasm of blood vessels

435.    What is the nature of vitiligo?

a.       previous inflammatory processes

b.      persistent spasm of blood vessels

c.       absence of originally present melanocytes

d.      congenital defects in melanin production

e.       autoimmune processes consider in the aetiopathogenesis

436.    Vitiligo occurs most frequently:

a.       on the face

b.      on the hands

c.       on the upper arms

d.      on the thigh and knee

e.       on the tibia

437.    Mark the correct statements about vitiligo:

a.       is a congenital disorder of skin pigment production

b.      the first symptoms usually appear in childhood

c.       symptoms are most commonly on the face, neck and hands

d.      subjective problems or systemic features don´t occur

e.       development of lesions is accompanied by a feeling of tension in the skin

438.    Vitiligo is characterized by:

a.       does not react with hyperemia after friction

b.      it occurs from birth

c.       forms in the location of the previous dermatoses

d.      occurs in childhood but also later

e.       margins are always hyperpigmented

439.    Albinizmus is characterized by:

a.       does not react with hyperemia after friction

b.      it occurs from birth

c.       forms in the location of the previous dermatoses

d.      occurs in childhood but also later

e.       margins are always hyperpigmented

440.    Naevus anaemicus is characterized by:

a.       does not react with hyperemia after friction

b.      it occurs from birth or from early childhood

c.       forms in the location of the previous dermatoses

d.      occurs in adulthood

e.       margins are always hyperpigmented

441.    Leukoderma is characterized by:

a.       does not react with hyperemia after friction

b.      it occurs from birth

c.       forms in the location of the previous dermatoses

d.      occurs only in childhood

e.       margins are always hyperpigmented

442.    Mark the correct statements about halo naevus:

a.       the most frequently affected is trunk

b.      it is lentigo surrounded by vitiligo

c.       it is a pigmented fibroma surrounded by depigmented margin

d.      it is a pigmented naevus surrounded by a depigmented margin

e.       it may be the first sign of developing vitiligo

443.    Leukoderma may arise:

a.       in psoriasis vulgaris

b.      in pityriasis rosea

c.       in gonorrhoea

d.      in syphilis

e.       in atopic dermatitis

444.    What is dyschromia?

a.       discoloration of the skin resulting from the accumulation of exogenous pigment into the skin

b.      the current incidence of hyperpigmentation and depigmentation in some areas

c.       discoloration of the skin resulting from the accumulation of melanin in the skin

d.      discoloration of the skin resulting from the accumulation of another endogenous pigment as melanin in the skin

e.       discoloration of the skin resulting from the of accumulation of any endogenous dye-stuff

445.    Haemochromatosis is dyschromia, in which following substances cumulate in the skin:

a.       silver

b.      hemosiderin

c.       melanin

d.      pigment in alcaptonuria

e.       gold

446.    Argyria is dyschromia, in which following substances cumulate in the skin:

a.       silver

b.      hemosiderin

c.       melanin

d.      pigment in alcaptonuria

e.       gold

447.    Ochronosis is dyschromia, in which following substances cumulate in the skin:

a.       silver

b.      hemosiderin

c.       melanin

d.      pigment in alcaptonuria

e.       gold

448.    Chrysiasis is dyschromia, in which following substances cumulate in the skin:

a.       silver

b.      hemosiderin

c.       melanin

d.      pigment in alcaptonuria

e.       gold

449.    Haemosiderosis is dyschromia, in which following substances cumulate in the skin:

a.       silver

b.      hemosiderin

c.       melanin

d.      pigment in alcaptonuria

e.       gold

450.    Demarcated hyperpigmentation can be caused by:

a.       hormonal contraceptives

b.      chronic exposure to heat

c.       morbus Addison

d.      bergamot oil

e.       infection caused by Malassezia sp.

451.    Acne vulgaris is characterized by:

a.       inflammatory process of apocrine sweat glands

b.      inflammatory process of eccrine sweat glands

c.       inflammatory process of sebaceous glands

d.      inflammatory process of the follicle and sebaceous gland

e.       inflammatory process of follicle and retention of sebum

452.    When does acne vulgaris most often occur?

a.       in childhood

b.      in adolescence

c.       in adulthood

d.      by abstain of sexual activity

e.       by prolonged use of certain drugs

453.    Mark the incorrect statements about acne vulgaris:

a.       mostly affects young people in adolescence

b.      hyperkeratosis of the hair follicle infundibulum causes formation of comedones

c.       in the formation participates sebostasis

d.      acne conglobata is one of the easier forms of acne

e.       in the formation participates seborrhoea

454.    Acne indurata is characterised by:

a.       tough, brownish-red nodules, painful on palpation

b.      purulent lesions are disintegrate outside and usually heal with scars

c.       present are only closed and open comedones

d.      healing is usually without a trace

e.       typical manifestations are deep seated cysts

455.    Acne conglobata is characterised by:

a.       it is the most severe form of acne

b.      abscendens nodules and fistula formations may be present in the clinical features

c.       there are no comedones in the clinical features

d.      there are no scars in the clinical features

e.       can be localized perigenital and axillary

456.    Which substances should be preventively avoided in patients with acne vulgaris?

a.       chlorine

b.      resorcinol

c.       tar

d.      mineral oils and fats

e.       vitamin A

457.    What can participate in aetiopathogenesis of rosacea?

a.       heredity

b.      menstrual disturbances

c.       hyperthyroidism

d.      disorders of the digestive tract

e.       vasoneurosis

458.    Mark the correct statements about rosacea:

a.       rosacea has an identical location as acne vulgaris

b.      rosacea occurs only in women

c.       erythema and telangiectases occur

d.      rosacea occurs most frequently in adolescents

e.       in the clinical features comedones are present

459.    The course of rosacea may complicate by the occurence of:

a.       acne conglobata

b.      iridocyclitis

c.       conjunctivitis

d.      rhinophyma

e.       keratitis

460.    What is rhinophyma?

a.       manifestation of lymphocyte leukemia on the nose

b.      angiolupoid

c.       hypertrophy of nasal skin and sebaceous glands

d.      hypertrophic form of acne vulgaris

e.       keloid process on the nose

461.    Rhinophyma is characterized by:

a.       the nose has “cauliflower” appearance with enhanced follicular orifices

b.      hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands and connective tissue on the nose

c.       the skin retains normal color, but becomes rough

d.      telangiectases on the skin

e.       hyperplastic changes on the chin

462.    Mark the correct statements about perioral dermatitis (dermatitis rosaceiformis):

a.       it is a dermatitis that results from hypersensitivity to lipstick

b.      occurs most often in young women

c.       favourite affected area is perioral

d.      typical finding are telangiectases

e.       the clinical picture is characterized by erythema with small papules and flushed papulovesicles

463.    What is the daily limit of hair loss?

a.       up to 10

b.      20 – 30

c.       70 – 100

d.      110 – 150

e.       150-200

464.    Trichotillomania is caused by:

a.       congenital defect of hair growth

b.      rough skin friction of itching skin

c.       excessive tension induced by various hairstyling practises

d.      chemical treatment of hair

e.       repetitive hair manipulations by the patients own hands

465.    Mark the correct statements about alopecia areata:

a.       it is manifested as diffuse hair loss

b.      it is manifested as noncicatricial focal hair loss

c.       it is manifested as circumscribed area with atrophic skin

d.      scars are occasionally created in the area

e.       alopetic areas can occur anywhere on the body parts with hair

466.    Which are characteristic manifestations of alopecia areata?

a.       rapid hair loss with the creation of sharply defined lesions, which tend to confluent

b.      alopetic areas occur most commonly in the occipital and temporal scalp

c.       hair follicles are not preserved

d.      subjective difficulties usually are not present

e.       sebum and sweat production is increased on the alopetic areas

467.    Ophiasis means:

a.       androgenetic alopecia

b.      the form of alopecia areata, which leads to atrophy

c.       strips hair loss on the scalp border

d.      parasitic disease

e.       all forms of focal alopecia, which affect larger scalp areas

468.    Mark the statements about pseudopelade Brocq:

a.       hair loss in a small circumscribed areas with subsequent scars

b.      hair loss in a small circumscribed areas without atrophy

c.       hair loss in a slow increasing, confluent areas with atrophic skin

d.      hair loss in non well defined small areas without atrophy

e.       skin is not inflammatory altered, hair follicles are not present

469.    Mark correct statements about pseudopelade Brocq:

a.       irreversible character of alopecia

b.      isolated hair or clumps of normal hair on pathological areas

c.       skin of the lesion is slightly decreased, tight, shiny, atrophic

d.      lesion is painful on touch

e.       hair follicles are not present

470.    Irreversible alopecia includes:

a.       telogen effluvium

b.      trichotillomania

c.       alopecia areata

d.      pseudopelade Brocq

e.       hirsutism

471.    Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is a disease:

a.       of connective tissue

b.      of sebaceous glands

c.       affecting only the epidermis

d.      bullous

e.       variant of scleroderma

472.    Diseases of connective tissue are the disease:

a.       with immune pathogenesis

b.      on the basis of congenital disposition

c.       on the basis of the circulatory disturbances

d.      on the basis of an allergy to bacterial toxins

e.       often accompanied by signs of involvement of internal organs

473.    Mark correct factors which support development of discoid lupus erythematosus:

a.       drugs (thiazide diuretics)

b.      hormonal dysfunction

c.       exposure to sunlight

d.      gastrointestinal disorders

e.       herpetic infections

474.    Which are the favourite areas for discoid lupus erythematosus?

a.       ears

b.      back

c.       palms

d.      nose and cheeks

e.       thighs

475.    Hyperkeratotic spicules on lower surface of white-yellow scales (carpet tack sign) are typical for:

a.       psoriasis vulgaris

b.      morbus Darier

c.       dermatitis herpetiformis

d.      discoid lupus erythematosus

e.       parapsoriasis

476.    Clinical features of discoid lupus erythematosus include:

a.       sharply defined chronic indurated plaques with scales

b.      healing ad integrum

c.       oral cavity mucosa is affected occasionally

d.      Nikolsky sign is positive

e.       carpet tack sign is positive

477.    Chilblain lupus is:

a.       form of lupus vulgaris

b.      involves acral areas

c.       located on ears

d.      located in oral cavity mucosa

e.       form of discoid lupus erythematosus

478.    Which of these histological findings are characteristic for discoid lupus erythematosus?

a.       disappearance of basement membrane

b.      thickening of basement membrane

c.       parakeratotic changes in horny layer

d.      perivascular and perifollicular inflammatory lymphocyte cells infiltrate

e.       follicular hyperkeratosis

479.    Diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus is based on:

a.       direct immunofluorescent examination

b.      culture

c.       histological examination

d.      positive patch tests

e.       clinical picture

480.    Choose the appropriate treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus:

a.       antibiotics

b.      corticosteroids

c.       antifungal agents

d.      cytostatics

e.       antimalarials

481.    Choose the appropriate treatment of lupus erythematosus:

a.       corticosteroids

b.      Bucky rays radiotherapy

c.       kryotherapy

d.      sunscreens

e.       antibiotics

482.    What is characteristic for systemic lupus erythematosus?

a.       the disease is provoked by UV radiation

b.      the disease begins often with fever, lassitude, loss of appetite

c.       men are affected slightly more than women

d.      histological changes of collagenosis are present in any part of skin

e.       „butterfly rash“ on the face

483.    For skin manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus is typical:

a.       accompanying symptoms are erythematous macules, telangiectases and small haemorrhages on the fingers, especially on fingertips and around the nails

b.      skin manifestations are definitely pathognomonic

c.       vasculitis may remain under the clinical features of urticarial vasculitis, livedo reticularis and vasculitis allergica

d.      adnexal changes may be present by hair loss

e.       skin manifestations are present in each patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

484.    Lupus erythematosus is asociated with:

a.       peptic ulcers

b.      arthralgia of small joints

c.       pericarditis

d.      nephritis and proteinuria

e.       bilateral parotitis and inflammation of lacrimal glands

485.    Choose the appropriate treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus:

a.       antihistamines

b.      immunosuppressive therapy

c.       high doses of systemic corticosteroids

d.      protection from UV radiation

e.       antimalarials

486.    What is characteristic for systemic sclerosis?

a.       women are affected more than men

b.      sclerodactylia

c.       Raynaud syndrome is not present

d.      fibrotic processes may involve the gastrointestinal system

e.       if a scalp is affected, alopecia may occur

487.    What is characteristic for morphea?

a.       women are affected more than men

b.      sclerodactylia

c.       lilac ring

d.      sclerotic changes are present in oesophagus

e.       loss of facial expressions

488.    Mark skin manifestations of limited form of systemic sclerosis:

a.       Raynaud syndrome

b.      sclerotic changes in the skin, beginning on the trunk and spreading to the periphery and extremities

c.       microstomia

d.      sclerodactylia

e.       small necrotic ulcers on the distal phalanges

489.    What internal disorders may occur in diffuse systemic sclerosis?

a.       oesophageal involvement

b.      fibrotic changes of kidneys

c.       damage of bone marrow and haematopoesis

d.      changes of myocardium

e.       fibrotic changes of lungs

490.    What signs and symptoms are present in diffuse systemic sclerosis?

a.       food regurgitation, malabsorption

b.      cardiac arrhythmia

c.       renal insufficiency

d.      fractures of ribs

e.       spina bifida

491.    What are the typical histological findings of sclerosis?

a.       overgrowth and thickening of collagen fibers

b.      overgrowth of elastic fibers

c.       rich chronic inflammatory infiltrate in whole derma

d.      perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes

e.       reduction of hair follicles

492.    What is used in treatment of sclerosis?

a.       antimalarials

b.      corticosteroids

c.       antihistamines

d.      penicillin

e.       non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

493.    Lilac ring is typical for:

a.       morphea

b.      diffuse sclerosis

c.       lichen sclerosus et atrophicus

d.      lichen planus

e.       discoid lupus erythematosus

494.    Mark the correct statements about scleroedema adultorum:

a.       elastic fibers are affected

b.      large amount of mucopolysaccharides in derma

c.       disease is a variant of sclerodermas

d.      aetiological factor can be diabetes mellitus

e.       can be cured ad integrum

495.    What disease is probable when a patient complains of muscle pain, has trouble climbing stairs, combing and shaving and a general weakness?

a.       granuloma annulare

b.      lichen myxoedematosus

c.       dermatomyositis

d.      morphea

e.       scleroedema adultorum of Buschke

496.    Mark the correct statements about dermatomyositis:

a.       it is an autoimmune disease

b.      is often associated with an occult malignancy

c.       skin manifestations are most often on a face and hands

d.      facial expression is not affected

e.       muscles are not affected

497.    Which of these symptoms confirm the diagnosis of dermatomyositis?

a.       increased creatinine in urine in an active period

b.      reduced serum levels of muscle enzymes

c.       lupus band test is positive

d.      electromyographic examination

e.       biopsy from affected muscle groups

498.    Dermatomyositis is characterized by:

a.       development of permanent changes in the skin with stiffness

b.      finding Gottron papules on the dorsal surfaces of fingers of hands

c.       favourite affected areas on a face and hands

d.      „lilac ring“

e.       facial expression of sadness, with reduced facial expression

499.    Granuloma annulare occurs:

a.       only in men

b.      mostly in women

c.       usually in the older age groups

d.      especially among young people

e.       usually in young children

500.    Granuloma annulare is characterized by:

a.       creation of solid papules with smooth surface, with skin color or slightly red

b.      centrifugal spread with peripheral raised edge

c.       significant tenderness on pressure

d.      no subjective symptoms

e.       healing by scar

501.    Cells containing melanin:

a.       formed in the dermis, but migrate into the epidermis

b.      formed and stay in dermis

c.       formed in epidermis, but migrate into the dermis

d.      formed and stay in epidermis

e.       formed in hypodermis

502.    Where is the greatest risk of melanomas?

a.       in the naevus sebaceus

b.      in the naevus flammeus

c.       in the naevus anaemicus

d.      in the naevus coeruleus

e.       in the naevus naevocellularis

503.    Which statements about naevus comedonicus are correct:

a.       it belongs to melanocytic naevi

b.      it is dirty-brown colored lesion with verrucous surface

c.       it is vascular malformation

d.      it consist predominantly of sebaceous glands

e.       it is congenital disorder of hair follicles

504.    Which statements about naevus sebaceus are correct:

a.       it belongs to melanocytic naevi

b.      it is dirty-brown colored lesion with verrucous surface

c.       it is vascular malformation

d.      it consist of sebaceous glands

e.       it is congenital disorder of hair follicles

505.    Which statements about verrucous epidermal naevus are correct?

a.       it belongs to melanocytic naevi

b.      it is dirty-brown colored lesion with verrucous surface

c.       it is vascular malformation

d.      it consist of sebaceous glands

e.       it is congenital disorder of hair follicles

506.    Flat dark red naevi, sharply defined, of irregular shape, usually unilateral localized are typical for:

a.       naevus coeruleus

b.      naevus flammeus

c.       naevus comedonicus

d.      naevus verrucosus

e.       naevus sebaceus

507.    What is the basis of development of primary skin tumors in adenoma sebaceum morbus Bourneville - Pringle?

a.       hyperproliferation of sebaceous glands

b.      hyperproliferation of connective tissue in pars papillaris of the dermis

c.       hypertrophy of hair follicles

d.      hypertrophy of primary vessels

e.       epidermal hypertrophy and it´s appendages

508.    Correct statements about morbus Recklinghausen are:

a.       buttonhole-like invagination of lesions is typical

b.      Koenen tumors are typical for this disease

c.       café au lait macules are present

d.      glioma of optic nerve may often occur

e.       pregnancy doesn´t worsen disease

509.    Soft pedunculated skin-colored nodules on neck or in intertriginous areas can include:

a.       hemangioma

b.      lipoma

c.       angiofibroma

d.      fibroma molle

e.       glomus tumor

510.    Localization of tumor under the nail can indicate:

a.       lipoma

b.      leiomyoma

c.       malignant melanoma

d.      glomus tumor

e.       lymphangiosarkoma

511.    Mark correct statement about actinic keratosis:

a.       it is precancer

b.      it occurs more often in elderly

c.       it occurs in areas exposed to sunlight

d.      it occurs usually on trunk

e.       the surface is greasy, ridged

512.    Squamous cell carcinoma may usually develop from:

a.       morbus Paget

b.      morbus Bowen

c.       actinic keratosis

d.      verruca seborrhoica

e.       leukoplakia

513.    Mark clinical and morphological features about basal cell carcinoma:

a.       is benign skin tumor

b.      metastases are common

c.       the face is the most common site

d.      erosions and ulcers may occur

e.       elderly people are usually affected

514.    Which form of basal cell carcinoma does destroy tissue?

a.       ulcus rodens

b.      ulcus terebrans

c.       basalioma solidum

d.      basalioma sclerodermiforme

e.       basalioma keloidiforme

515.    Choose the appropriate treatment of basal cell carcinoma:

a.       systemic corticosteroids

b.      surgical excision

c.       radiation therapy

d.      local cytostatic therapy

e.       cryotherapy

516.    Erythroplasia Queyrat is disease:

a.       of the mucosa of glans penis

b.      of the skin and develops from herpes simplex virus infection

c.       of the skin and develops from human papilloma virus infection

d.      which often develops into squamous cell carcinoma

e.       which belongs to obligatory premalignant conditions

517.    Squamous cell carcinoma:

a.       develops from preexisting actinic keratosis

b.      develops from premalignant cutaneous conditions

c.       is associated with long – term chemical exposure

d.      occurs after organ transplantation

e.       develops from xerodema pigmentosum

518.    What should be done with clinically evident melanoma?

a.       probatory excision and radiotherapy according to the result

b.      extirpation and further therapeutic procedure according to the result of histological examination

c.       wide excision including the area of healthy skin (1-3 cm) depending on the thickness of the tumor

d.      most effective is radiation therapy

e.       to start cytostatic therapy

519.    Which of the following layers of the epidermis are lacking in oral cavity mucosa?

a.       stratum basale

b.      stratum spinosum

c.       stratum granulosum

d.      stratum lucidum

e.       stratum corneum

520.    Mark the correct statements relating to the clinical manifestations of oral cavity mucosa:

a.       aphthae typically occur on the mucous membranes

b.      aphthae represent thickening of the mucosal epithelium caused by excessive keratinisation

c.       vesicles persist as long as vesicles on the skin

d.      the cover of vesicles mechanically quickly disrupt

e.       there is no itching of oral mucosa

521.    Status Fordyce is characterised by:

a.       horny cysts on the gums localised in groups

b.      mucous cysts on the palate and labial mucosa

c.       ectopic sebaceous glans on labial mucosa, bucal mucosa, glans penis, inner side of prepucium and labia minora

d.      abnormal keratinisation of oral mucosa with pinhead-sized whitish-yellow papules

e.       ectopic sweat glands on labial mucosa, bucal mucosa, glans penis, on inner side of prepucium and labia minora

522.    Mark the correct statements about plicated tongue (lingua plicata):

a.       synonym is geographic tongue

b.      it is a common benign clinical condition

c.       surphace of tongue mucosa is ridged with deep fissures

d.      may be associated with syndroma Melkersson – Rosenthal

e.       furrows are often initial site of entry

523.    Migratory glossitis (lingua geographica) is characterised by:

a.       burning sensation of lesions

b.      lesions wax and wane over time

c.       migration of clinical findings

d.      focal thick whitish coating on tongue

e.       focal proliferation of the filliform papillae on tongue

524.    Clinical features of migratory glossitis (lingua geographica) are:

a.       well-demarcated area of erythema with smooth surface, without whitish coating on keratinising surphace of tongue

b.      focal hyperkeratotic papillae which peel off sometimes and leave erosions behind

c.       focal manifestations of lingua villosa nigra with hypertrophy of filiform papillae

d.      bordered round patches with thick whitish-grey coating

e.       well-demarcated areas of erythema leading to the formation geographical patches

525.    Mark the correct statements about leucokeratosis nicotina palate:

a.       belongs to precancerous conditions

b.      it is characterized by small grouped macules and papules of whitish color

c.       causes significant subjective problems

d.      the condition usually heals spontaneously after stopping the long-term smoking

e.       there are dark red dots in the centre of whitish lesions formed by mucous glands

526.    Etiopathogenesis of lingua villosa nigra is:

a.       antibiotic therapy

b.      digestive disorders

c.       vitamin C deficiency

d.      nicotine abuse

e.       menopause

527.    Mark the areas, where leukoplakia can occur:

a.       uvula

b.      bottom of tongue

c.       lips (labial mucosa)

d.      external genitalia

e.       palate

528.    What is the cause of leukoplakia?

a.       chemical irritants

b.      chronic irritating cough

c.       vitaminsdeficiency

d.      chronic mechanical irritation

e.       alcohol abuse

529.    Assign important characteristic and differential diagnostic signs of leukoplakia:

a.       changes can be found on the buccal mucosa close to molars, on the tongue- there is typical white net without papules

b.      uniformly white-colored spots on the buccal mucosa, which may grow, infiltrate or erode

c.       changes can be localized on the oral mucosa, where they form asymptomatic erythematous plaques covered with white hyperkeratosis

d.      gray pseudomembranous coatings tightly bounded to the mucosa

e.       painful superficial erosions surrounded by a narrow erythema, covered by white film on the bucal mucosa and soft palate

530.    Assign important characteristic and differential diagnostic signs of lichen ruber:

a.       changes can be found on the buccal mucosa close to molars, on the tongue- there is typical white net without papules

b.      uniformly white-colored spots on the buccal mucosa, which may grow, infiltrate or erode

c.       changes can be localized on the oral mucosa, where they form asymptomatic erythematous plaques covered with white hyperkeratosis

d.      gray pseudomembranous coatings tightly bounded to the mucosa

e.       painful superficial erosions surrounded by a narrow erythema, covered by white film on the bucal mucosa and soft palate

531.    Assign important characteristic and differential diagnostic signs of lupus erythematodes chronicus discoides:

a.       changes can be found on the buccal mucosa close to molars, on the tongue- there is typical white net without papules

b.      uniformly white-colored spots on the buccal mucosa, which may grow, infiltrate or erode

c.       changes can be localized on the oral mucosa, where they form asymptomatic erythematous plaques covered with white hyperkeratosis

d.      gray pseudomembranous coatings tightly bound to the mucosa

e.       painful superficial erosions surrounded by a narrow erythema, covered by white film on the bucal mucosa and soft palate

532.    Mark the correct statements about glossitis Mller – Hunter:

a.       subjective symtom is dry mouth

b.      subjective symptom is burning sensation and pain on spicy foods

c.       inflamated hypertrophic red plaques on the surface of the tongue

d.      atrophic plaques with a smooth sufrace at a later phase

e.       vesicles in the final phase

533.    Which symptom does occur in glossitis Mőller – Hunter?

a.       dry mouth

b.      burning tongue

c.       patchy anemisation by shooting out of tongue

d.      coated tongue

e.       Arndt sign

534.    Correct statement about lingua plicata is:

a.       localization of symptoms varies

b.      tongue surface is highlighted

c.       it is one of the first signs of pernicious anemia

d.      sharply defined areas are red

e.       it does not cause any difficulties

535.    Correct statement about glossitis migrans (lingua geographica) is:

a.       localization of symptoms varies

b.      tongue surface is highlighted

c.       it is one of the first signs of pernicious anemia

d.      sharply defined areas are red

e.       it does not cause any difficulties

536.    Correct statement about glossitis Mőller – Hunter is:

a.       localization of symptoms varies

b.      tongue surface is highlighted

c.       it is one of the first signs of pernicious anemia

d.      sharply defined areas are red

e.       it does not cause any difficulties

537.    Typical signs of Sjögren syndroma are:

a.       tongue papillae atrophy

b.      interstitial glossitis

c.       burning tongue

d.      dry mouth and conjunctiva

e.       dry skin

538.    Etiopathogenesis of Sjögren syndroma is:

a.       underproduction of salivary glands

b.      underproduction of lacrimal glands

c.       underproduction of sweat glands

d.      atypical keratinisation of the mucosa

e.       atrophic process

539.     What does not belong to the clinical features of Sjögren syndroma?

a.       xeropthalmy

b.      leukoplakia

c.       xerostomy

d.      xeroderma

e.       polyarthritis

540.    Mark the correct statements about cheilitis glandularis simplex:

a.       it leads to inflamation of the glands in lip mucosa

b.      it leads to blockage of small mucous lip glands

c.       small red papules with a small red dot in the center on lips

d.      secretion of glassy mucus

e.       complete obstruction of the small cysts leads to occurrence of big cysts

541.    What is the clinical features of cheilitis granulomatosa?

a.       lips tend to become red, swollen and tough

b.      lower lip is affected frequently

c.       lips can bulge out later

d.      upper lip is affected frequently

e.       finally occurs lichenification of the lip

542.    What are the symptoms of Melkersson – Rosenthal syndroma?

a.       cheilitis granulomatosa

b.      paresis nervi facialis

c.       lingua plicata

d.      tonsillitis

e.       blepharochalasis

543.    In which cases is gingivitis hyperplastica found?

a.       xerostomia

b.      hydantoin treatment

c.       long- term treatment with corticoids

d.      during pregnancy

e.       result of focal fluoridation of teeth

544.    Mark the correct statements about stomatitis ulceromembranosa:

a.       synonymum is stomatitis Plaut-Vincent

b.      increased salivation, foetor ex ore, fever

c.       necrotic ulcers

d.      gingival mucosa is never affected

e.       deep tissue destruction in the worst phase

545.    What are the common manifestations of aphthous disease?

a.       vesicles persist long

b.      painful, sharply defined erosions or ulceration

c.       red inflamatory edge

d.      tendency to clustering and grouping

e.       white coat on the surface of the aphths

546.    Mark the correct statements about Bednář aphthous disease:

a.       it is a viral disease

b.      it occurs in gastrointestinal disorders

c.       superficial ulcerations of the hard palate are present

d.      it occurs after rough wipping of the mouth in infants

e.       aphtae are round-shaped

547.    What are characteristic symptoms of chronic stomatitis aphthosa recurrens?

a.       they couse the food intake problems

b.      they couse speech problems

c.       they are painless

d.      they are painful

e.       they tend to recur for many years

548.    What are characteristic symptoms of morbus Behçet?

a.       stomatitis catarrhalis

b.      ulcers of the oral cavity mucosa and genitals

c.       they affect mucous membranes, skin, eyes and centra nervous system

d.      they cause uveitis or iridocyclitis, there is a risk of blindness

e.       non-specific systemic symptoms are not present